Caregiving NC II flashcards

36 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Infant age range

The period from birth to 12 months of age. Care routines during this stage focus on feeding, sleep safety, hygiene, and immunization.

Safe sleep position

Infants should sleep on their backs on a firm flat surface without pillows or loose bedding. This reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Complementary feeding start

Solid foods are introduced at 6 months while breast milk or formula continues. Signs of readiness include head control and interest in food.

Infant dehydration signs

Sunken fontanelle, fewer than six wet diapers daily, dry mouth, no tears, and lethargy. These require immediate referral to a health facility.

Preschool age band

Children aged 3 to 5 years. Care shifts from full assistance to supervision, with growing independence in feeding, toileting, and dressing.

Deworming schedule

Children aged 1 to 4 years receive deworming every six months under the community health program. This reduces worm burden and supports growth.

Handwashing duration

Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Do this before eating, after toileting, and after outdoor play.

BMI-for-age screening

Growth screening used from age 5 onward. A child below minus two standard deviations is classified as wasted or stunted and needs nutrition referral.

Piaget sensorimotor stage

Covers ages 0 to 2 years, when infants learn through senses and movement. Object permanence develops near the end of this stage.

Erikson trust versus mistrust

The first psychosocial stage, from birth to about 1 year. Consistent, responsive care builds a sense of trust; inconsistent care builds mistrust.

Cooperative play stage

Play that emerges around age 4, when children organize roles and rules together. It follows solitary, parallel, and associative play.

Language milestone at 24 months

A child should use two-word phrases by 24 months. Absence of two-word phrases at this age is a red flag for developmental delay.

Gross motor sequence

Head control by 3 months, rolling by 6, sitting by 8, crawling by 10, standing by 11, and walking by 15 months.

Pincer grasp

The ability to pick up small objects between thumb and index finger. It develops around 9 to 12 months and supports self-feeding.

Tummy time

Supervised prone positioning for short periods several times daily. It strengthens neck and shoulder muscles and supports motor development.

Physical activity for preschoolers

Children aged 3 to 5 need at least 180 minutes of activity daily. This includes active play of any intensity throughout the day.

Timed Up and Go test

A fall risk screening where the person stands, walks three meters, turns, and returns. A time over 12 seconds indicates increased risk.

Pressure injury prevention

Reposition the client every two hours, keep skin clean and dry, and inspect bony prominences daily. Use pressure-relieving surfaces where available.

Polypharmacy threshold

Taking five or more medications at the same time. This increases the risk of adverse drug events and requires medication review with the prescriber.

Elder abuse warning signs

Unexplained bruises, fear of a caregiver, sudden financial changes, and withdrawal. These must be reported to the supervisor and appropriate authority.

Person-first language

Describing the person before the condition, such as a child with autism. It respects dignity and avoids defining people by their disability.

Reasonable accommodation

Adjustments that remove barriers, such as ramps, visual schedules, extra time, or interpreters. They enable participation on an equal basis.

Seizure first aid

Protect the head, turn the person onto the side, and time the seizure. Do not restrain or put objects in the mouth; call for help if it exceeds five minutes.

Standard precautions

Treat all blood and body fluids as infectious. Use gloves for contact, practice hand hygiene, and dispose of sharps in a puncture-proof container.

Food temperature safety

Keep hot food above 60 degrees Celsius and cold food below 5 degrees Celsius. Refrigerate leftovers within two hours of cooking.

High-touch surface disinfection

Doorknobs, handles, toys, and phones are cleaned and disinfected daily. Clean visible soil before applying disinfectant for it to work.

DRSABCD sequence

Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillation. This order guides care of any unresponsive casualty.

Adult CPR ratio

Give 30 chest compressions at 100 to 120 per minute, then 2 rescue breaths. Compression depth is 5 to 6 centimeters.

Infant choking response

Give five back blows then five chest thrusts for an infant under 1 year. Abdominal thrusts are not used in infants.

Burn first aid

Cool the burn with running water for at least 20 minutes. Cover with a clean non-stick dressing and never apply toothpaste or oil.

Confidentiality rule

Client information is shared only on a need-to-know basis. Discuss care in private settings and never post client details on social media.

Scope of practice

The tasks a caregiver is trained and authorized to perform. Clinical decisions are referred to the nurse, physician, or supervisor.

Mandatory reporting duty

Suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a child, elder, or person with disability must be reported to the supervisor and appropriate authority.

Cleaning sequence per room

Dust high surfaces first, then wipe mid-level surfaces, and clean floors last. This lets debris fall downward and avoids recontamination.

Ergonomic lifting technique

Bend the knees, keep the back straight, and hold the load close to the body. Use assistive devices for heavy items to prevent back injury.

Supply par level

The minimum stock quantity kept on hand, typically one week of use. Supplies are reordered when stock falls below this level.