Respond to Emergency Situations
What this domain covers
This domain tests first aid and emergency response: CPR, choking, bleeding, burns, seizures, poisoning, and referral. Answers must show correct sequence, correct ratios, and knowing the limits of your role.
Core rules
- DRSABCD: check Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR, and Defibrillation.
- CPR: 30 compressions to 2 breaths for a single rescuer; 15:2 for infant or child with two rescuers; rate 100-120 per minute; depth about one-third of chest.
- Choking: for an infant, 5 back blows then 5 chest thrusts; for a child or adult, 5 back blows then 5 abdominal thrusts; no blind finger sweep.
- Bleeding: apply direct pressure with a clean dressing.
- Burns: cool with running water for 20 minutes; no ice, toothpaste, or oil.
- Seizure: protect the head, time it, do not restrain, and turn to the side afterward.
- Poisoning: do not induce vomiting; call poison control or emergency services.
- Report: document the incident factually and hand over to emergency responders.
Worked example
An 8-month-old chokes on a grape. The caregiver calls for help, gives 5 back blows, then 5 chest thrusts, checks the mouth only if something is visible, and continues until help arrives. Reasoning: abdominal thrusts can injure an infant; chest thrusts are the correct infant technique.
Traps that lose marks
- Giving abdominal thrusts to an infant.
- Putting ice on a burn.
- Inducing vomiting after poisoning.
- Moving a suspected spinal injury without need.