Analytical and Logical Reasoning
The analytical and logical reasoning section tests pattern recognition and valid deduction, not memorized facts. Expect number and letter series, analogies, syllogisms, ordering puzzles, and assumption/conclusion questions.
Core rules
- In series, check first differences, then ratios, then alternating or square/cube patterns. If one rule fails, test a two-step rule.
- In syllogisms, draw the smallest Venn diagram that satisfies the premises. All A are B does not imply all B are A. Some A are B does imply some B are A when existence is assumed.
- In ordering puzzles, build a line or table and place fixed constraints first. Mark “left of” and “immediately” separately.
- In assumption questions, the right answer must be necessary for the argument, not merely plausible. In strengthen/weaken questions, identify the link between evidence and conclusion.
Worked example
Find the next term: 3, 7, 15, 31, ? Differences are 4, 8, 16, which double each time. The next difference is 32, so 31+32=63. Alternatively, each term is previous×2+1: 31×2+1=63. Answer: 63.
Traps
Do not force a single difference pattern when the series alternates. Do not reverse all and some. Do not accept a restatement of the evidence as an assumption. Watch except, cannot be determined, and only, which change the required answer.