Pakistan Driving Licence Theory Test - Motorcycle cheat sheet

Red octagon = full stop (STOP); red inverted triangle = give way (YIELD). Both require yielding to traffic on the priority road.

Circular signs with a red border are prohibitions (no entry, speed limit, no overtaking); blue circles are mandatory instructions (turn direction, minimum speed, cycle lane).

Triangular signs with a red border are warnings (bend, junction, pedestrian crossing, slippery road); they are placed in advance of the hazard.

Rectangular blue or green signs give information or direction; green typically indicates motorway/expressway guidance, blue indicates other roads.

Broken white centre line: overtaking permitted when safe; solid white line: crossing prohibited; double solid on your side: no crossing.

Yellow box junction: do not enter unless your exit is clear, except when turning right and blocked only by oncoming traffic.

Zebra crossing markings give pedestrians priority once they have stepped onto the crossing; approach with reduced speed and be ready to stop.

Flashing amber signal means proceed with caution; a steady amber means stop unless stopping is unsafe; red means stop behind the line.

Traffic warden or police hand signals override fixed signals and markings; obey the officer's direction even against a red light.

At an uncontrolled junction, yield to traffic approaching from your right; at a T-junction the road ending must give way to the through road.

Keep left on Pakistani roads (left-hand traffic); overtake on the right of the vehicle ahead.

Roundabouts: give way to traffic already circulating (approaching from your right) before entering; signal left to exit.

Pedestrians on a zebra crossing have absolute priority; vehicles must stop and remain stopped until the crossing is clear.

Emergency vehicles with siren or flashing lights have priority; pull to the left and stop if necessary to clear the way.

Minimum following distance: the two-second rule in dry conditions, doubled to four seconds in rain, and further increased at night or on gravel.

Overtaking is prohibited on solid lines, at bends, on crests, at pedestrian crossings, at junctions, and where visibility is restricted.

A vehicle turning right must give way to oncoming traffic going straight or turning left; turning vehicles yield to through traffic.

A helmet must be worn and properly fastened by both rider and pillion passenger; an unfastened or loose helmet provides little protection in a crash.

Helmet fit rule: the shell should not move when the chin strap is fastened, and the front should not lift when pushed upward from the rear rim.

Replace a helmet after any impact that compresses the liner, and after roughly five years of use, because the protective foam degrades.

Protective clothing: abrasion-resistant jacket and trousers, gloves, boots covering the ankle, and eye protection (visor or goggles).

High-visibility or reflective material improves detection at night; riders are over-represented in crashes because of small frontal profile.

Pillion passengers must sit astride on a proper seat with footrests, hold the rider or grab rail, and must not carry infants.

A load must be secure, must not obstruct lights, indicators, mirrors or the rider's control, and must not exceed the manufacturer's limit.

Riding without a helmet is a traffic offence carrying a fine; carrying more pillion passengers than the seat allows is also an offence.

Ride to a system: on approach, check mirrors, reduce speed, select a safe gear, and be ready to stop before entering the hazard zone.

Scan 12-15 seconds ahead and keep eyes moving; do not fixate on the vehicle directly in front.

Position for visibility: avoid riding in a car's blind spot; if you cannot see the driver's mirrors, the driver cannot see you.

In rain, the first minutes are most slippery because oil and dust float on the surface; reduce speed and increase following distance.

Loose gravel, painted markings, metal drain covers and tram rails lose grip when wet; cross them upright and avoid braking on them.

At junctions, watch for vehicles emerging from side roads and for drivers turning across your path; cover the brakes and be ready to stop.

Riding at night: use dipped beam when following or meeting traffic; main beam only when there is no oncoming traffic and no vehicle ahead.

Overtaking a large vehicle takes longer because of its length; ensure a clear gap ahead before pulling out and complete the pass promptly.

Fatigue and alcohol both slow reaction time; stop and rest when concentration drops, and never ride after drinking.

Pre-ride check (T-CLOCS): Tyres, Controls, Lights, Oil, Chassis, Stands; check tyre pressure and tread before every ride.

Braking: apply both brakes together, front brake providing most stopping power; on a slippery surface use the rear brake more gently.

Counter-steering: to turn at speed, push the handlebar on the side you want to turn toward; the motorcycle leans into the turn.

Gear selection: use a lower gear for engine braking on descents; do not coast with the clutch pulled in or in neutral.

Chain tension and lubrication: a slack or dry chain can jump the sprocket or snap; check tension and lubricate regularly.

Cornering: slow in, look through the bend, and accelerate gently out; braking hard while leaned over risks a skid.

Clutch and throttle: release the clutch smoothly to avoid stalling; a stalled engine in traffic removes drive and balance control.

Check mirrors and signal before changing position; mirrors do not eliminate blind spots, so turn your head to check.

A learner must hold a valid learner permit, display the 'L' plate, and be accompanied by a licensed driver; a learner cannot ride on a motorway.

Minimum age for a motorcycle licence is generally 18; a learner permit requires passing a theory test and a medical fitness certificate.

Documents to carry: driving licence, vehicle registration book, and valid insurance certificate; driving uninsured is an offence.

Driving without a valid licence, driving uninsured, and driving under the influence are serious offences with fines and possible imprisonment.

The legal blood alcohol limit is effectively zero for safe riding; alcohol impairs balance and reaction even below any stated limit.

Seat belts and helmets are mandatory; a pillion passenger without a helmet makes the rider liable to a fine.

A vehicle must have a valid fitness certificate and road tax where required; expired documents can lead to a fine and vehicle detention.

Penalties escalate for repeat offences; a licence may be suspended or cancelled for serious or repeated violations.

At a crash scene: stop, make the area safe, switch off engines, and call emergency services (Rescue 1122 in Pakistan) before giving aid.

Do not remove a motorcyclist's helmet unless it obstructs the airway; removing it can worsen a suspected neck or spine injury.

DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation - assess in that order before starting CPR.

CPR: 30 chest compressions (about 5-6 cm deep, 100-120 per minute) followed by 2 rescue breaths; continue until help arrives.

Control severe bleeding by pressing firmly on the wound with a clean cloth or dressing and elevating the limb if possible.

For suspected fractures, immobilise the limb in the position found; do not attempt to straighten a deformed limb.

For burns, cool with clean running water for at least 10 minutes; do not apply ice, butter or ointments, and do not burst blisters.

Keep the casualty warm and still, monitor breathing, and never give food or drink to an unconscious or semi-conscious person.