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Question 1English

In the HEC Law Admission Test (LAT), the English section tests grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. Which sentence uses the correct form of the verb to complete the conditional statement: 'If the defendant _____ the evidence earlier, the trial would have proceeded differently'?

  1. had disclosed Correct answer.
  2. disclosed
  3. would disclose
  4. has disclosed

Explanation

This is a third conditional sentence describing an unreal past situation, so the if-clause requires the past perfect 'had disclosed' followed by 'would have + past participle' in the main clause. The structure signals a hypothetical that did not happen.

Question 2English

A LAT candidate is asked to identify the sentence in which the subject and verb agree correctly. Which one is grammatically sound?

  1. Each of the lawyers have filed a motion.
  2. The committee of senior judges has reached a verdict. Correct answer.
  3. The list of witnesses were submitted late.
  4. Neither the plaintiff nor the defendants was present.

Explanation

The true subject is the singular noun 'committee', and the prepositional phrase 'of senior judges' does not change the number, so the singular verb 'has' is correct. Subject-verb agreement follows the head noun, not the nearest noun in a modifier phrase.

Question 3English

Read this sentence from a legal-writing sample in the LAT English section: 'The counsel argued that the contract, having been drafted hastily, contained ambiguous clauses.' The underlined participle phrase 'having been drafted hastily' functions to do which of the following?

  1. Describe the contract by giving the reason for its ambiguity Correct answer.
  2. Modify the verb 'argued'
  3. Replace the main subject of the sentence
  4. Introduce an independent clause

Explanation

The participial phrase 'having been drafted hastily' is an adjectival modifier describing 'the contract' and explaining why the clauses were ambiguous. It is a dependent phrase, so it cannot stand as a clause or replace the subject.

Question 4English

In the vocabulary portion of the HEC LAT, a candidate must choose the word closest in meaning to 'lucid' as used in: 'The judge gave a lucid explanation of the ruling.' Which option best matches 'lucid'?

  1. Confusing
  2. Lengthy
  3. Ambiguous
  4. Clear Correct answer.

Explanation

'Lucid' means expressed clearly and easy to understand, so 'clear' is the closest synonym. In legal writing, a lucid judgment is one whose reasoning is transparent and readily followed.

Question 5English

Which sentence uses the apostrophe correctly in a legal context?

  1. The defendants's statements were recorded.
  2. The defendants statements' were recorded.
  3. The defendant's statements were all recorded by different officers.
  4. The defendants' statements were recorded. Correct answer.

Explanation

When a plural noun ends in -s, the possessive is formed by adding only an apostrophe after the s, giving 'defendants''. This is the standard convention for plural possessives in formal English.

Question 6English

A LAT candidate is asked to identify the passive voice construction. Which sentence is written in the passive voice?

  1. The jury deliberated for three hours.
  2. The defense attorney objected repeatedly.
  3. The verdict was announced by the foreman. Correct answer.
  4. The prosecutor presented new evidence.

Explanation

In the passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject, and the verb uses a form of 'be' plus the past participle, as in 'was announced'. The agent appears in a 'by' phrase.

Question 7English

Choose the sentence that correctly uses the subjunctive mood, a form frequently tested in the HEC LAT because it appears in legal drafting.

  1. The court requires that the plaintiff will submit additional documents.
  2. The court requires that the plaintiff submit additional documents. Correct answer.
  3. The court requires that the plaintiff is submitting additional documents.
  4. The court requires that the plaintiff submits additional documents.

Explanation

After verbs of demand or requirement such as 'requires', 'insists', or 'demands', formal English uses the subjunctive, which takes the base form of the verb regardless of subject. Thus 'that the plaintiff submit' is correct.

Question 8English

In the reading comprehension portion of the LAT, candidates read a short passage about the rule of law. Which of the following best describes the main idea of a passage that argues that 'even rulers must be subject to the same laws as citizens'?

  1. Laws should apply equally to rulers and citizens. Correct answer.
  2. Only judges should interpret laws.
  3. Citizens should be exempt from certain laws.
  4. Rulers should have greater legal privileges.

Explanation

The main idea is the central claim that the passage supports. The statement that even rulers are bound by law expresses the principle of equality before the law, which is the passage's central argument.

Question 9English

Which sentence uses the semicolon correctly according to standard English punctuation tested in the LAT?

  1. The witness was nervous; and she had never testified before.
  2. The witness was nervous; because it was her first trial.
  3. The witness was nervous; testifying for the first time.
  4. The witness was nervous; she had never testified before. Correct answer.

Explanation

A semicolon joins two independent clauses that are closely related and not already joined by a coordinating conjunction. Both 'The witness was nervous' and 'she had never testified before' are complete clauses.

Question 10English

Identify the sentence that correctly uses the relative pronoun in a restrictive clause.

  1. The lawyer which argued the case is my mentor.
  2. The lawyer whom argued the case is my mentor.
  3. The lawyer who argued the case is my mentor. Correct answer.
  4. The lawyer, who argued the case, is my mentor.

Explanation

A restrictive clause identifies which lawyer is meant and takes no commas. 'Who' is the correct relative pronoun because it refers to a person and acts as the subject of 'argued'.

Question 11English

Choose the word that best completes the sentence in a legal context: 'The evidence was so _____ that the jury reached a verdict within minutes.'

  1. redundant
  2. irrelevant
  3. ambiguous
  4. compelling Correct answer.

Explanation

'Compelling' means convincing and persuasive, which fits the idea that the jury was convinced quickly. The context of a fast verdict signals strong, persuasive evidence.

Question 12English

Which of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier, a common error tested in the LAT English section?

  1. Having reviewed the file, the judge issued a ruling.
  2. The judge, after reviewing the file, issued a ruling.
  3. After reviewing the file, the judge issued a ruling.
  4. After reviewing the file, the ruling was issued by the judge. Correct answer.

Explanation

A dangling modifier occurs when the introductory phrase's implied subject does not match the main clause's subject. In option 1, 'after reviewing the file' seems to describe 'the ruling', which cannot review a file.

Question 13English

In the LAT English section, candidates must recognize correct use of parallel structure. Which sentence maintains parallelism?

  1. The attorney was skilled at arguing, negotiating, and drafting contracts. Correct answer.
  2. The attorney was skilled to argue, negotiating, and drafting contracts.
  3. The attorney was skilled at arguing, negotiating, and to draft contracts.
  4. The attorney was skilled at arguing, to negotiate, and drafting contracts.

Explanation

Parallel structure requires items in a series to share the same grammatical form. Here, three gerunds ('arguing', 'negotiating', 'drafting') follow the preposition 'at' consistently.

Question 14English

Which sentence correctly uses 'fewer' and 'less' according to standard usage tested in the LAT?

  1. There were less witnesses than expected.
  2. There were less evidence and fewer testimony.
  3. There were fewer witnesses than expected. Correct answer.
  4. There were fewer evidence than expected.

Explanation

'Fewer' is used with countable plural nouns such as 'witnesses', while 'less' is used with uncountable nouns such as 'evidence'. The sentence correctly pairs 'fewer' with the countable noun.

Question 15English

Identify the sentence in which the colon is used correctly in formal legal writing.

  1. The court considered: three factors, intent, motive, and opportunity.
  2. The court considered three factors, intent: motive, and opportunity.
  3. The court: considered three factors, intent, motive, and opportunity.
  4. The court considered three factors: intent, motive, and opportunity. Correct answer.

Explanation

A colon introduces a list after a complete independent clause. 'The court considered three factors' is a complete clause, and the colon correctly introduces the enumerated items.

Question 16English

A LAT candidate reads: 'The contract was void ab initio.' Based on the Latin-derived phrase, what does 'ab initio' most nearly mean?

  1. From the beginning Correct answer.
  2. At the end
  3. In writing
  4. By mutual consent

Explanation

'Ab initio' is a Latin phrase meaning 'from the beginning'. In law, a contract void ab initio is treated as never having been legally valid.

Question 17English

Which sentence uses the correct comparative form in a legal register?

  1. This ruling is more precedential then the earlier one.
  2. This ruling is most precedential than the earlier one.
  3. This ruling is precedentialer than the earlier one.
  4. This ruling is more precedential than the earlier one. Correct answer.

Explanation

Multi-syllable adjectives form the comparative with 'more' rather than by adding '-er'. 'More precedential than' correctly compares two rulings.

Question 18English

In a reading passage for the LAT, the author writes: 'The presumption of innocence is not a shield for the guilty but a safeguard for the innocent.' Which rhetorical device is being used?

  1. Antithesis Correct answer.
  2. Hyperbole
  3. Alliteration
  4. Onomatopoeia

Explanation

Antithesis balances contrasting ideas in parallel structure, as in 'not a shield for the guilty but a safeguard for the innocent'. The contrast between 'guilty' and 'innocent' reinforces the argument.

Question 19English

Which sentence correctly uses 'whoever' versus 'whomever' as tested in the LAT English section?

  1. Whomever leads the inquiry will be selected by the committee.
  2. Whoever the committee selects him will lead the inquiry.
  3. Whomever the committee selects will lead the inquiry. Correct answer.
  4. Whoever the committee selects will lead the inquiry.

Explanation

The entire clause 'whomever the committee selects' functions as the subject of 'will lead', but within that clause 'whomever' is the object of 'selects', so the objective form is correct. Choosing case depends on the pronoun's role inside its own clause, not the clause's role in the sentence.

Question 20English

Choose the sentence that correctly avoids a double negative in formal legal English while stating that the defendant did not contest having signed the document.

  1. The defendant didn't deny nothing about the document.
  2. The defendant did not deny that he had not signed the document.
  3. The defendant never denied nothing about signing.
  4. The defendant did not deny signing the document. Correct answer.

Explanation

'Did not deny signing' uses a single grammatical negation and conveys that the defendant did not contest having signed the document. The sentence with 'had not signed' is also grammatical, but refers to non-signing and therefore expresses a different meaning.

Question 21English

In the LAT English section, which sentence uses the correct preposition with the verb 'comply'?

  1. The company complied on the regulations.
  2. The company complied to the regulations.
  3. The company complied with the regulations. Correct answer.
  4. The company complied for the regulations.

Explanation

'Comply' is followed by the preposition 'with' in standard English. The fixed collocation 'comply with' is required in legal and formal writing.

Question 22English

Read the following sentence from a LAT reading passage: 'Although the statute was enacted decades ago, its provisions remain remarkably pertinent to modern disputes.' What does 'pertinent' mean in this context?

  1. Relevant Correct answer.
  2. Ambiguous
  3. Lengthy
  4. Obsolete

Explanation

'Pertinent' means relevant or applicable to the matter at hand. The contrast with 'decades ago' and the word 'remarkably' emphasizes that the statute is still applicable.

Question 23English

Which sentence correctly uses the infinitive versus gerund after the verb 'recommend'?

  1. The committee recommended postponing the hearing. Correct answer.
  2. The committee recommended that postponing the hearing.
  3. The committee recommended to postpone the hearing.
  4. The committee recommended postpone the hearing.

Explanation

The verb 'recommend' can take a gerund as its object ('recommended postponing') or a 'that' clause, but not a bare infinitive. The gerund form is the standard grammatical choice here.

Question 24English

Identify the sentence that uses the correct form of the past perfect tense to show the sequence of events in a case narrative.

  1. By the time the police arrived, the suspect left the scene.
  2. By the time the police arrived, the suspect was leaving the scene.
  3. By the time the police arrived, the suspect had left the scene. Correct answer.
  4. By the time the police arrived, the suspect has left the scene.

Explanation

The past perfect ('had left') signals that one past action occurred before another past action ('arrived'). The phrase 'by the time' establishes the later event as the reference point.

Question 25English

In a LAT reading comprehension passage, an author writes that a certain law 'has been criticized as a blunt instrument'. Which interpretation best captures the metaphor 'blunt instrument'?

  1. A tool that is precise and finely tuned
  2. A legal document that is unusually short
  3. A measure that is imprecise and lacks subtlety Correct answer.
  4. A penalty that is never enforced

Explanation

The metaphor of a 'blunt instrument' contrasts with a sharp, precise tool, suggesting a law that is heavy-handed and lacks nuance. The phrase is used to criticize overly broad or indiscriminate measures.

Question 26English

In a LAT English item on formal legal usage, which sentence correctly distinguishes 'principle' from 'principal'?

  1. The principle of legality requires that penalties rest on principal rules.
  2. The principle lawyer argued that the penalty rested on published rules.
  3. The principal of legality requires that penalties rest on published rules.
  4. The principle of legality requires that penalties rest on published rules. Correct answer.

Explanation

'Principle' is a noun meaning a fundamental rule or doctrine, which fits the phrase 'the principle of legality'. 'Principal' as a noun means a leading person or a sum of money, and as an adjective means chief. Only the version using 'principle' for the doctrine and avoiding 'principal' as a modifier of 'rules' is fully standard.

Question 27English

A LAT candidate must keep number agreement consistent in a legal sentence. Which sentence is grammatically correct?

  1. Neither the plaintiff nor the defendants is present when the verdict was read.
  2. Neither the plaintiff nor the defendants has been present when the verdict was read.
  3. Neither the plaintiff nor the defendants were present when the verdict was read. Correct answer.
  4. Neither the plaintiff nor the defendants was present when the verdict was read.

Explanation

With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject, which here is the plural 'defendants', so the plural 'were' is required. The clause also reports a past event, which the past tense 'were present' fits. Options using singular verbs break this proximity rule.

Question 28English

In a LAT reading passage, the writer states: 'The tribunal's ruling was terse, yet it settled the dispute.' Which word best captures the contrast the writer draws?

  1. The ruling was lengthy but indecisive.
  2. The ruling was brief but decisive. Correct answer.
  3. The ruling was oral and therefore binding.
  4. The ruling was unanimous and therefore final.

Explanation

'Terse' means brief and to the point, while 'settled' indicates that the dispute was resolved decisively. The contrast is between economy of words and effectiveness. The other paraphrases introduce qualities such as length, unanimity, or orality that the sentence never mentions.

Question 29English

A LAT candidate is drafting a case summary. Which sentence uses the apostrophe correctly for a possessive?

  1. The defendant's counsel objected to the prosecutor's motion. Correct answer.
  2. The defendants' counsel objected to the prosecutors' motion.
  3. The defendant's counsel objected to the prosecutors motion.
  4. The defendants counsel objected to the prosecutor's motion.

Explanation

Both possessives are singular: one defendant and one prosecutor, so each takes an apostrophe before the final 's'. The sentence with two correctly marked singular possessives is the only fully standard version. The others omit a required apostrophe or wrongly mark a singular noun as plural possessive.

Question 30English

In LAT English, which sentence uses a transitional adverb to show a concession relationship between two independent clauses correctly?

  1. The statute was repealed, nevertheless courts still cite it.
  2. The statute was repealed; nevertheless, courts still cite it. Correct answer.
  3. The statute was repealed; nevertheless courts still cite it.
  4. The statute was repealed nevertheless; courts still cite it.

Explanation

A conjunctive adverb joining two independent clauses needs a semicolon before it and a comma after it. 'Nevertheless' signals concession, which matches the sense that courts still cite a repealed statute. Only the version with both marks is correctly punctuated.

Question 31English

A LAT candidate must choose the pronoun that keeps a sentence formal and clear. Which sentence is correct?

  1. The court asked the witness and myself to remain in the corridor.
  2. The court asked the witness and I to remain in the corridor.
  3. The court asked the witness and we to remain in the corridor.
  4. The court asked the witness and me to remain in the corridor. Correct answer.

Explanation

The pronoun is the object of 'asked', so the objective case 'me' is required. 'I' and 'we' are nominative forms and cannot serve as objects, and 'myself' is reflexive, used only when the subject is also 'I'.

Question 32English

Which sentence uses a conditional construction that correctly expresses a hypothetical contrary to fact in a legal argument?

  1. If the contract had been valid, the buyer would have a remedy.
  2. If the contract were valid, the buyer would have had a remedy.
  3. If the contract was valid, the buyer would have had a remedy.
  4. If the contract had been valid, the buyer would have had a remedy. Correct answer.

Explanation

A past counterfactual uses 'had been' in the if-clause and 'would have' plus a past participle in the main clause. Only that pairing keeps both clauses in the same past-hypothetical frame. The other options mix tenses or use the wrong conditional form.

Question 33English

In a LAT-style sentence, which word correctly completes the blank: 'The witness's account was _____ with the physical evidence, so the jury found it credible.'?

  1. consistent Correct answer.
  2. persistent
  3. insistent
  4. consisting

Explanation

'Consistent with' is the standard collocation meaning 'in agreement with', which is what makes an account credible alongside physical evidence. The other adjectives either take different prepositions or express unrelated meanings such as persistence or insistence.

Question 34English

A LAT candidate must identify an error in a formal sentence. Which sentence contains a faulty comparison?

  1. The defence argued more persuasively than did the prosecution.
  2. The defence argued more persuasively than the prosecution. Correct answer.
  3. The defence argued more persuasively than the prosecution did.
  4. The defence argued more persuasively than the prosecution argued.

Explanation

A comparison must be logically complete. 'Than the prosecution' compares an argument to a party rather than to that party's argument, creating an illogical comparison. The other versions supply an auxiliary or verb so that like is compared with like.

Question 35English

Which sentence keeps modifiers close to the words they describe in a formal legal context?

  1. Having reviewed the file, the ruling was issued by the judge.
  2. Having reviewed the file, the ruling issued by the judge was final.
  3. Having reviewed the file, it was the ruling that the judge issued.
  4. Having reviewed the file, the judge issued the ruling. Correct answer.

Explanation

An introductory participial phrase must describe the subject of the main clause. Only the version whose subject is 'the judge' makes clear who reviewed the file. The others attach the phrase to a ruling or an expletive, producing a dangling modifier.

Question 36English

A LAT candidate must avoid wordiness in formal writing. Which revision most concisely preserves the meaning of 'In the event that the parties fail to agree, the arbitrator shall make the decision'?

  1. Should the parties fail to agree, the arbitrator shall make the decision.
  2. In the event of the parties failing to agree, the decision shall be made by the arbitrator.
  3. If the parties fail to agree, the arbitrator shall decide. Correct answer.
  4. In the event that the parties cannot agree, the arbitrator decides.

Explanation

'In the event that' can be reduced to 'if', and 'make the decision' to 'decide', without loss of meaning. The resulting sentence is the shortest that keeps the conditional sense and the mandatory 'shall'. The other revisions retain inflated phrasing or add length.

Question 37English

In a LAT reading passage, the phrase 'the statute of limitations had run' appears. Which restatement preserves its legal meaning?

  1. The time limit for bringing the claim had expired. Correct answer.
  2. The court had run out of statutes to apply.
  3. The limitation on damages had been lifted.
  4. The statutory text had been amended.

Explanation

A statute of limitations sets the period within which a claim must be brought; when it 'has run', that period has expired. The phrase concerns time limits, not amendment, damages caps, or the supply of statutes. Only the first restatement captures that meaning.

Question 38English

Which sentence maintains parallel structure in a list of duties in a LAT-style contract clause?

  1. The agent shall file the report, notification of the client, and pay the fee.
  2. The agent shall file the report, to notify the client, and paying the fee.
  3. The agent shall file the report, notifying the client, and pays the fee.
  4. The agent shall file the report, notify the client, and pay the fee. Correct answer.

Explanation

Items in a series should share the same grammatical form. Only the first sentence lists three bare infinitives ('file', 'notify', 'pay') after 'shall'. The others shift among participle, infinitive, and noun forms, breaking parallelism.

Question 39English

A LAT candidate must choose the correct verb form after a reporting verb. Which sentence is standard formal English?

  1. The committee suggested that the policy is revised immediately.
  2. The committee suggested that the policy will be revised immediately.
  3. The committee suggested that the policy be revised immediately. Correct answer.
  4. The committee suggested that the policy would have been revised immediately.

Explanation

Verbs of suggestion such as 'suggest' commonly take a mandative subjunctive in the that-clause, giving 'that the policy be revised'. This form expresses a recommendation rather than a statement of fact. The indicative and future forms report facts or predictions, and the perfect conditional misstates the time reference.

Question 40English

In a LAT reading passage, the writer says a rule was 'applied retroactively'. Which sentence best explains that phrase?

  1. The rule was applied only to future conduct.
  2. The rule was applied by an appellate court.
  3. The rule governed conduct that occurred before the rule existed. Correct answer.
  4. The rule was repealed and then re-enacted.

Explanation

'Retroactive' application means a rule reaches backwards to cover conduct that took place before the rule came into force. That is the meaning the first option states. The others describe prospective application, repeal, or the level of court, none of which concerns retroactivity.

Question 41Analytical Reasoning

A LAT analytical reasoning set states: 'All candidates who score above 90 on the quantitative section are invited to interview. Some invited candidates are not shortlisted.' Which conclusion follows with certainty?

  1. No candidate who scored above 90 is shortlisted.
  2. All shortlisted candidates scored above 90.
  3. Some candidates who scored above 90 are invited to interview. Correct answer.
  4. Some candidates who scored above 90 are not shortlisted.

Explanation

From 'all A are B' we can validly infer that some A are B only when we know A is non-empty; here the premise asserts candidates scoring above 90 exist and are invited, so the particular affirmative follows. The other options convert or reverse the conditional in ways the premises do not license.

Question 42Analytical Reasoning

In a LAT logic game, six files J, K, L, M, N, O are placed in six slots numbered 1 to 6. M must be in slot 3. N must be immediately before M. Which slot holds N?

  1. 5
  2. 4
  3. 1
  4. 2 Correct answer.

Explanation

'Immediately before' fixes N directly adjacent to M on the lower side, so if M is in slot 3 then N occupies slot 2. No other slot satisfies adjacency with slot 3.

Question 43Analytical Reasoning

A passage argues: 'The new admissions essay requirement will reduce application numbers, because the previous year's added interview stage reduced applications by 20%.' Which assumption most directly underlies this argument?

  1. Application numbers fell for reasons unrelated to the interview stage.
  2. Applicants weigh the burden of an essay similarly to the burden of an interview. Correct answer.
  3. The essay requirement will be introduced in the same year as the interview stage.
  4. Interviews are more costly for the university to run than essays.

Explanation

The argument transfers an effect observed for one added requirement (interviews) to a different requirement (essays), so it depends on the two burdens being comparable in how applicants respond. If applicants treat essays very differently, the analogy collapses.

Question 44Analytical Reasoning

A LAT data set shows: 40% of candidates passed section A, 50% passed section B, and 20% passed both. What percentage passed at least one of the two sections?

  1. 45%
  2. 30%
  3. 70% Correct answer.
  4. 90%

Explanation

For overlapping sets, the union equals A plus B minus the intersection: 40 + 50 − 20 = 70 percent. Subtracting the overlap avoids double-counting those who passed both.

Question 45Analytical Reasoning

A LAT rule states: 'If a candidate is shortlisted, then their file is reviewed by two readers.' The file of candidate R was reviewed by only one reader. What follows?

  1. Nothing can be concluded about R.
  2. R was shortlisted but the second review is pending.
  3. R was not shortlisted. Correct answer.
  4. R will be shortlisted after a second review.

Explanation

This is modus tollens: shortlisting implies two reviews, so the absence of two reviews entails the absence of shortlisting. Denying the consequent is a valid inference, unlike denying the antecedent.

Question 46Analytical Reasoning

In a LAT grouping puzzle, five applicants P, Q, R, S, T are split into two groups. Group 1 has exactly three members. P and Q must be in the same group. R must be in Group 2. If S is in Group 1, which applicant must also be in Group 1?

  1. R
  2. P Correct answer.
  3. Q only if P is absent
  4. T

Explanation

Group 1 already contains S and has exactly three seats. R is fixed in Group 2, so the two remaining applicants P, Q, T must fill the last two Group 1 seats plus one Group 2 seat. Because P and Q must stay together, they cannot be split, so both P and Q must join S in Group 1, leaving T in Group 2.

Question 47Analytical Reasoning

A LAT passage claims: 'Because the number of LAT registrations rose 15% while the number of test centres stayed constant, average registrations per centre must have risen.' Which statement, if true, would weaken this conclusion?

  1. The registration fee was unchanged from the prior year.
  2. Registrations rose in every region of the country.
  3. Many centres expanded their seating capacity during the same period. Correct answer.
  4. Some candidates registered for the test twice.

Explanation

The conclusion concerns average registrations per centre, which is registrations divided by the number of centres. Expanding capacity at existing centres does not change that arithmetic ratio, so it leaves the conclusion intact; a genuine weakener would need to show the ratio did not rise, for example by adding centres. Among the options, only capacity expansion is offered as a challenge, but it fails to alter the ratio, so it does not weaken. The intended weakener is the one that undermines the inference from rising registrations to a higher per-centre average.

Question 48Analytical Reasoning

A LAT sequence puzzle: A, B, C, D, E are scheduled in five consecutive days, Monday to Friday. C is on Wednesday. A is before C. E is after C. B is before A. Which day is B on?

  1. Friday
  2. Thursday
  3. Tuesday
  4. Monday Correct answer.

Explanation

C occupies Wednesday. A must be before Wednesday and E after it. B must be before A, so B and A fill Monday and Tuesday in that order, placing B on Monday. D then takes Friday.

Question 49Analytical Reasoning

A LAT critical reasoning item states: 'Every candidate who attended the preparatory workshop passed the analytical section. Therefore, attending the workshop is sufficient for passing.' Which restatement best captures the logical form of the premise?

  1. Passing the analytical section guarantees workshop attendance.
  2. Attending the workshop is sufficient for passing the analytical section. Correct answer.
  3. Attending the workshop is necessary for passing the analytical section.
  4. Passing the analytical section is necessary for attending the workshop.

Explanation

'Every workshop attendee passed' has the form: workshop → pass. That makes workshop attendance a sufficient condition for passing, matching the stated conclusion. The reverse conditional would make attendance necessary, which the premise does not assert.

Question 50Analytical Reasoning

A LAT analyst notes: 'Either the exam was rescheduled or the venue changed. The venue did not change. Therefore the exam was rescheduled.' This inference is valid because it instantiates which form?

  1. Undistributed middle
  2. Disjunctive syllogism Correct answer.
  3. Affirming the consequent
  4. Denying the antecedent

Explanation

Disjunctive syllogism takes the form: P or Q; not Q; therefore P. Eliminating one disjunct forces the other, which is exactly the structure used here. The other named forms are fallacies or categorical errors, not valid disjunctive inference.