PN Cadet Initial Test flashcards
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- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject requires a singular verb; a plural subject requires a plural verb. Compound subjects joined by 'and' take a plural verb unless they form a single idea.
- Active vs. passive voice
- Active voice: subject performs the action (e.g., 'The cat chased the mouse'). Passive voice: subject receives the action (e.g., 'The mouse was chased by the cat').
- Direct and indirect speech
- Direct speech quotes exact words (e.g., He said, 'I am tired'). Indirect speech reports without quotes, changing pronouns, tense, and time words (e.g., He said that he was tired).
- Prepositions of time
- 'In' is used for months, years, seasons; 'on' for days and dates; 'at' for precise times. Example: in July, on Monday, at 5 PM.
- Commonly confused words
- Affect (verb) vs. effect (noun); lie (recline) vs. lay (put down); its (possessive) vs. it's (it is). Choose based on grammatical function.
- Pythagorean theorem
- In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c².
- Quadratic formula
- For a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, the solutions are x = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)] / (2a), provided a ≠ 0.
- Simple interest
- Simple interest = (Principal × Rate × Time) / 100. It is calculated only on the principal amount, not on accumulated interest.
- LCM and HCF relationship
- For two positive integers, the product of the numbers equals the product of their LCM and HCF: a × b = LCM(a,b) × HCF(a,b).
- Probability of an event
- Probability = number of favorable outcomes / total number of possible equally likely outcomes. It ranges from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).
- Newton's second law
- The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass: F = m × a.
- Ohm's law
- The current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the points, given constant temperature: V = I × R.
- Kinetic energy
- The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated as KE = ½ × m × v², where m is mass and v is velocity.
- Law of reflection
- The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane.
- Pressure in fluids
- Pressure at a depth h in a fluid of density ρ is P = ρgh, where g is acceleration due to gravity. Pressure increases with depth.
- Pakistan's borders
- Pakistan borders India to the east, China to the north, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and the Arabian Sea to the south.
- National symbols of Pakistan
- National animal: markhor; national bird: chukar partridge; national tree: deodar; national flower: jasmine; national fruit: mango.
- SAARC
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, founded in 1985, with secretariat in Kathmandu, Nepal. Member states include Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and others.
- Pakistan's nuclear tests
- Pakistan conducted successful nuclear tests on 28 May 1998 at Chagai, Balochistan, becoming the seventh declared nuclear power.
- Five Pillars of Islam
- Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
- First revelation
- Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) received the first revelation in Cave Hira, consisting of the first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq, through Angel Jibreel.
- Hijra
- The migration of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the start of the Islamic lunar calendar.
- Zakat
- An obligatory annual charity of 2.5% on accumulated wealth above a minimum threshold (nisab) for Muslims who meet the criteria.
- Battle of Badr
- The first major battle between Muslims and the Quraysh in 624 CE (2 AH). Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims achieved a decisive victory.
- Number series
- A sequence of numbers following a pattern. Identify the rule (e.g., add 3, multiply by 2, squares) to find the missing or next term.
- Coding-decoding
- A reasoning task where letters are shifted by a fixed number (e.g., +3) or reversed. Use alphabet positions (A=1, B=2, ... Z=26) to decode.
- Blood relations
- Problems involving family relationships. Draw a family tree with symbols for male/female, married, siblings to determine relationships accurately.
- Direction sense
- Track movements using a diagram with N, S, E, W. Apply left/right turns to determine final direction or distance from starting point.
- Syllogism
- A logical argument with two premises and a conclusion. Use Venn diagrams to check whether the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises.
- STAR method
- Situation, Task, Action, Result: a structured way to answer behavioral interview questions by describing a specific situation, the task, actions taken, and the outcome.
- Navy core values
- Honor, courage, commitment, and discipline are core values expected of naval personnel. Demonstrate these in responses and conduct.
- Why join the Navy?
- A common interview question. A strong answer shows motivation for service, awareness of maritime security, and alignment with Navy values, not just job security.