PMDC NRE key terms

A written statement of facts confirmed by oath or affirmation before a person authorized to administer it, such as a notary or commissioner for oaths.

The official act of a notary public certifying the identity of a signer and witnessing the signing of a document, giving it evidentiary weight.

A formal declaration before an authorized officer by someone who signed a document, confirming that the signature is voluntary and genuine.

The person who makes a sworn statement, affidavit, or deposition and whose testimony is recorded under oath.

Out-of-court sworn testimony recorded in writing or by audiovisual means for use in legal proceedings, subject to the rules of the forum.

A copy of a court or hearing record that an authorized official certifies as a true and accurate reproduction of the original proceedings.

A professional who records spoken proceedings verbatim, typically by stenotype or digital means, and produces certified transcripts on request.

The legal authority of a court or official to hear a case, or the geographic area within which that authority may be exercised.

The specific geographic location or court where a case should be heard, distinct from jurisdiction, which concerns power to decide.

The court or tribunal in which a legal action is brought, or the place where a dispute is heard and resolved.

A law setting the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated, after which the claim is barred.

The temporary suspension or pausing of a limitation period, often by agreement, court order, or operation of law, extending the deadline.

A set of facts sufficient to justify a right to sue and obtain relief, forming the legal basis of a claim.

The party who initiates a civil lawsuit by filing a complaint seeking a remedy against another party.

The party against whom a civil claim or criminal charge is brought and who must respond to the allegations.

A formal document issued by a court notifying a person that an action has been commenced and requiring a response within a stated time.

The legally prescribed delivery of court documents to a party, ensuring notice and an opportunity to respond to the proceedings.

A sworn declaration or certificate filed with the court confirming that documents were delivered to a party in the manner required.

A court order compelling a person to appear at a proceeding, produce documents, or both, under penalty of law.

A type of subpoena that requires the recipient to produce specified documents or records rather than or in addition to appearing.

The pretrial phase in which parties exchange information, documents, and testimony relevant to the dispute, subject to procedural rules.

Written questions served on another party in a lawsuit that must be answered in writing under oath within a set time.

A legal protection allowing a person to refuse to disclose certain communications, such as those between attorney and client, without penalty.

The voluntary relinquishment of a known right or privilege, which may be express or implied by conduct.

A legal doctrine preventing a person from asserting a right or fact inconsistent with a previous position that another party relied upon.

The principle that a final judgment on the merits by a competent court bars the same parties from relitigating the same claim later.

The final official decision of a court resolving the rights and claims of the parties in a case.

A decision entered in favor of one party when the opposing party fails to respond, appear, or comply with procedural requirements.

A written authorization by which one person appoints another to act on their behalf in legal, financial, or property matters.

The person who grants authority to another to act on their behalf, remaining bound by acts within the granted scope.

A person authorized to act for another and to create legal relations between that other and third parties.

A legal obligation of loyalty and care owed by a person entrusted with another's interests, requiring good faith and avoidance of conflicts.

The duty to keep certain information secret and to disclose it only to authorized persons or under legal compulsion.

The chronological record documenting the seizure, custody, transfer, and analysis of evidence, used to show its integrity was preserved.

The process of proving that a document or item of evidence is what its proponent claims it to be before it is admitted.

Information, testimony, or tangible items presented to a court to prove or disprove a fact in dispute.

A person who gives testimony under oath about what they saw, heard, or know relevant to a legal proceeding.