Pakistan Rangers Sepoy Test key terms

A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea, such as soldier, Lahore, rifle, or courage. It can act as the subject or object of a sentence.

A word that expresses an action or a state of being, such as march, defend, or is. Every complete sentence needs at least one finite verb.

A word that describes or limits a noun, such as brave, tall, or three. It usually comes before the noun or after a linking verb like is or seems.

A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, often telling how, when, or where. Examples include quickly, very, and yesterday.

The noun or pronoun that performs the action of a verb or about which a statement is made. In the sentence The ranger patrols, the ranger is the subject.

The noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb or follows a preposition. In He carried the flag, the flag is the object of carried.

A word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same language, such as begin and start. Synonym questions test vocabulary range.

A word that expresses the opposite meaning of another word, such as victory and defeat or brave and cowardly. Antonym questions ask you to pick the contrasting word.

Active voice makes the doer the subject (The guard opened the gate); passive voice makes the receiver the subject (The gate was opened by the guard). Passive uses a form of be plus past participle.

The form of a verb that shows the time of an action or state: present, past, or future, each with simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms. Correct tense keeps sentences consistent.

A word placed before a noun or pronoun to show place, time, direction, or relation, such as in, on, at, under, between, and during. Choosing the right preposition is a common test item.

Direct speech reports exact words in quotation marks (He said, I am ready); indirect speech reports the meaning without quotes and shifts tense and pronouns (He said that he was ready).

A word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition, such as he, she, it, they, who, and which. Its form must agree with the noun it replaces.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as to pull one's socks up meaning to try harder. Idioms are tested for meaning in context.

The supreme law of Pakistan that sets out the structure of government, fundamental rights, and duties of citizens. It was adopted in 1973 and has been amended many times since.

The resolution passed at the All-India Muslim League session in Lahore in March 1940, demanding independent states for Muslim-majority areas. It is also called the Lahore Resolution and is commemorated on 23 March.

The founder of Pakistan and first Governor-General, who led the Muslim League to the creation of the country in 1947. He was born in Karachi on 25 December 1876 and died in 1948.

Poet and philosopher whose idea of a separate Muslim state in northwestern India, expressed in his 1930 Allahabad address, shaped the freedom movement. He is the national poet of Pakistan.

The longest river in Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing through Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh to the Arabian Sea. Most of Pakistan's agriculture depends on its waters.

A major first-level administrative unit of the country. Pakistan has four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, plus territories such as Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

The northwestern province of Pakistan, with its capital at Peshawar. It borders Afghanistan and was formerly called the North-West Frontier Province; the Khyber Pass lies within it.

Basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by the Constitution, such as equality before law, freedom of speech, and protection from unlawful detention. Courts can enforce them if they are violated.

The national legislature of Pakistan, consisting of the President and two houses: the National Assembly and the Senate. It makes laws and approves the federal budget.

The five core acts of worship in Islam: Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salah (prayer), Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), Zakat (obligatory charity), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah).

The obligatory ritual prayer performed five times daily at fixed times: Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha. It involves standing, bowing, and prostration facing the Qiblah in Makkah.

An obligatory annual charity on Muslims who own wealth above a minimum threshold called nisab, generally paid at one-fortieth (2.5 percent) of eligible savings and wealth. It is one of the five pillars.

The pilgrimage to Makkah that every adult Muslim who is physically and financially able must perform at least once. It takes place in the month of Dhul Hijjah and includes standing at Arafat.

The direction Muslims face during prayer, towards the Ka'bah in Makkah. In Pakistan it is roughly west-southwest, and mosques mark it with a niche called the mihrab.

The recorded life history of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), covering his birth, prophethood, migration to Madinah, and later years. Studying it is part of basic Islamic knowledge.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred, using the symbol percent. To find a percentage of a quantity, convert it to a decimal or fraction and multiply.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, such as 3 to 5; a proportion states that two ratios are equal. Unitary method problems often use both.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values, also called the arithmetic mean. It gives a single figure representing the whole group.

The highest common factor is the largest number dividing two or more numbers exactly; the lowest common multiple is the smallest number each divides into exactly. LCM of fractions uses HCF of numerators.

These three quantities are linked by the formula distance equals speed multiplied by time. Rearranging gives speed as distance divided by time and time as distance divided by speed.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen. It takes place mainly in the leaves, inside structures called chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.

The chemical process in living cells that releases energy from glucose, usually using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide and water. Breathing is the mechanical movement of air, not the same process.

The continuous movement of water between oceans, atmosphere, and land through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. It explains rainfall and the renewal of freshwater supplies.

Recent national and international events, appointments, treaties, and developments that a candidate is expected to know. Reliable preparation uses dated sources rather than undated notes, because facts change.

A reasoning question that states a relationship between two items and asks you to find a pair with the same relationship, such as hand to glove as foot to shoe. Identify the link before choosing.

A sequence of numbers following a hidden rule, where you must find the next term. Common rules include constant differences, multiplication, alternating patterns, and squares or cubes.

A reasoning task where words or letters are converted into a code by a fixed rule, and you must decode a new word using the same rule. Look for letter shifts, reversals, or position swaps.

Reasoning puzzles that describe family links in words and ask how two people are related. Drawing a simple family tree with clear symbols prevents errors.

Reasoning questions about movement and facing direction, often asking the final position or distance from the start. Sketching each turn on paper makes the answer clear.

A practical fitness test required for recruitment, typically including a timed run, push-ups, sit-ups, and sometimes a chin-up or obstacle task. Standards are announced in the recruitment advertisement and must be met on the day.

A screening figure calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Recruitment medicals may use it to check that weight is proportionate to height, alongside other tests.

The required level of eyesight for a post, usually stated as visual acuity with or without glasses and checked for colour blindness. Failure to meet the stated standard can lead to rejection at the medical.

A body measurement recorded during recruitment medicals, taken at rest and after full inhalation. The minimum expansion required is stated in the official advertisement for the post.