Praxis Physical Science 5485 study plan

Solve 1-D and 2-D kinematics problems by selecting the correct equation, separating vector components, and checking units.

Apply Newton's three laws to free-body diagrams for inclines, pulleys, and friction cases, then calculate net force and acceleration.

Calculate work, kinetic energy, potential energy, power, and momentum in closed systems, and verify conservation where applicable.

Interpret position-time, velocity-time, and force-time graphs by extracting slopes and areas to infer motion.

Map electron configurations for neutral atoms and common ions, then predict periodicity trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity.

Draw Lewis dot structures for covalent molecules and polyatomic ions, including resonance and formal-charge checks.

Classify bonds and intermolecular forces, then predict relative melting point, solubility, and conductivity.

Balance formula equations and convert among moles, particles, and mass for simple compounds.

Apply the wave equation and superposition to calculate frequency, wavelength, speed, reflection, refraction, and interference patterns.

Solve series and parallel circuit problems using Ohm's law, equivalent resistance, and power formulas.

Apply right-hand rules to determine magnetic force direction on moving charges and current-carrying wires.

Interpret ray diagrams and electromagnetic-spectrum data to predict image type and energy ordering.

Balance redox and acid-base equations, then identify oxidizing and reducing agents and conjugate pairs.

Solve limiting-reactant and percent-yield stoichiometry problems using mole ratios and molar masses.

Calculate enthalpy changes from calorimetry data and Hess's law expressions.

Apply Le Chatelier's principle to predict equilibrium shifts and interpret equilibrium-constant expressions.

Design a controlled experiment that isolates one independent variable and specifies constants, controls, and a measurable dependent variable.

Analyze data tables and graphs to identify outliers, calculate means and slopes, and state uncertainty.

Evaluate claims using evidence, identifying correlation versus causation and sources of bias.

Apply engineering design constraints to compare two solutions and justify the best trade-off.

Evaluate lab safety and measurement procedures, then distinguish accuracy, precision, random error, and systematic error.

Interpret chemical data sets and graphs to support or reject a hypothesis using evidence.

Apply nature-of-science reasoning to identify testable questions and appropriate controls in chemistry contexts.

Correct chemistry calculation errors using unit analysis and significant figures.

Complete timed mixed practice under exam conditions with no notes, pacing to finish within the time limit.

Categorize every miss by domain, content strand, and error type in an error log.

Re-teach two weakest physics strands and two weakest chemistry strands using corrected worked examples.

Compare answer choices to eliminate distractors using dimensional analysis, limiting cases, and sign checks.

Reattempt all previously missed items without notes and explain each corrected reasoning step in writing.

Complete two timed section drills, one physics and one chemistry, and record score and pacing.

Apply a single consolidated formula-and-constants sheet through 20 rapid recall checks.

Evaluate readiness by comparing practice scores to a 75% target and list only final weak areas.