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OCC Exame de Avaliação Profissional study materials
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OCC Exame de Avaliação Profissional practice questions

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Question 1Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Under the conceptual framework for financial reporting, which qualitative characteristic is enhanced when information is complete, neutral and free from error?

  1. Relevance
  2. Comparability
  3. Faithful representation Correct answer.
  4. Timeliness

Explanation

Faithful representation requires information to depict economic reality completely, neutrally and without material error. Relevance concerns predictive or confirmatory value, while comparability and timeliness are enhancing characteristics.

Question 2Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company buys equipment for 100,000 on 1 January with an estimated useful life of 8 years and a residual value of 20,000. Using straight-line depreciation, what is the annual depreciation charge?

  1. 8,000
  2. 10,000 Correct answer.
  3. 12,500
  4. 15,000

Explanation

Straight-line depreciation equals depreciable amount divided by useful life. The depreciable amount is 100,000 minus the 20,000 residual value, giving 80,000 spread over 8 years, or 10,000 per year.

Question 3Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following items is classified as a non-current liability in a statement of financial position?

  1. Deferred income to be recognised next month
  2. Trade payables due within 30 days
  3. A bank loan repayable in five years Correct answer.
  4. Accrued interest payable

Explanation

A liability is non-current when the entity has an unconditional right to defer settlement for more than twelve months after the reporting period. A loan repayable in five years meets this criterion.

Question 4Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the entity transfers control of the goods to the customer. Which indicator most directly supports that control has passed?

  1. The entity has issued an invoice
  2. The goods have been manufactured
  3. The customer has physical possession and the significant risks and rewards of ownership Correct answer.
  4. The entity has received a purchase order

Explanation

Transfer of control is evidenced by the customer obtaining the ability to direct the use of, and obtain the benefits from, the goods. Physical possession together with the significant risks and rewards of ownership is a strong indicator.

Question 5Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity has current assets of 240,000 and current liabilities of 160,000. What is the current ratio?

  1. 2.40
  2. 1.50 Correct answer.
  3. 1.00
  4. 0.67

Explanation

The current ratio equals current assets divided by current liabilities. Dividing 240,000 by 160,000 gives 1.50.

Question 6Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the statement of cash flows?

  1. To disclose the fair value of financial instruments
  2. To explain movements in cash and cash equivalents during the period Correct answer.
  3. To show the profit earned during the period
  4. To reconcile the opening and closing retained earnings

Explanation

The statement of cash flows classifies cash movements into operating, investing and financing activities to explain changes in cash and cash equivalents. Profit is reported in the statement of profit or loss.

Question 7Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company issues 1,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of 1 each at a price of 3 per share. How should the excess over nominal value be recorded?

  1. As a share premium within equity Correct answer.
  2. As revenue in profit or loss
  3. As a liability to the shareholders
  4. As a reduction of retained earnings

Explanation

Amounts received above the nominal value of shares are credited to share premium, which forms part of equity. They are not income and do not create a liability.

Question 8Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Under the accrual basis of accounting, when should an expense be recognised?

  1. When the invoice is received from the supplier
  2. When the related revenue is collected
  3. When it is incurred, regardless of when payment occurs Correct answer.
  4. When it is paid in cash

Explanation

Accrual accounting recognises expenses in the period in which the underlying economic event occurs, not when cash changes hands. This matches costs with the benefits they generate.

Question 9Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity holds inventory that cost 50,000. At the reporting date its net realisable value is 44,000. At what amount should the inventory be measured?

  1. 44,000 Correct answer.
  2. 47,000
  3. 50,000
  4. 0

Explanation

Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Since net realisable value of 44,000 is below cost, the inventory is written down to 44,000.

Question 10Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following is an example of a contingent liability that should be disclosed rather than recognised?

  1. A bank overdraft repayable on demand
  2. A provision for a probable warranty obligation that can be reliably estimated
  3. A possible obligation whose existence will be confirmed only by uncertain future events Correct answer.
  4. A trade payable confirmed by an invoice

Explanation

A possible obligation dependent on uncertain future events that is not probable or not reliably measurable is a contingent liability and is disclosed. Probable, measurable obligations are recognised as provisions.

Question 11Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity purchases a machine for 120,000. It incurs delivery costs of 5,000 and installation costs of 3,000, and staff training costs of 2,000. At what amount should the machine initially be recognised?

  1. 130,000
  2. 120,000
  3. 128,000 Correct answer.
  4. 125,000

Explanation

The cost of property, plant and equipment includes the purchase price and directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its location and condition for use, such as delivery and installation. Training costs are expensed because they do not form part of the asset.

Question 12Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which method of depreciation results in a higher depreciation charge in the earlier years of an asset's life?

  1. Units of production based on output
  2. Sum of the years' digits applied evenly
  3. Straight-line
  4. Reducing balance Correct answer.

Explanation

The reducing balance method applies a constant rate to a declining carrying amount, producing higher charges in early years. Straight-line and units of production spread cost differently and do not inherently front-load charges.

Question 13Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company's profit before tax is 200,000. It has non-deductible expenses of 20,000 and taxable temporary differences that will reverse in future periods of 30,000. The tax rate is 25%. What is the current tax expense?

  1. 47,500
  2. 42,500
  3. 50,000
  4. 55,000 Correct answer.

Explanation

Current tax is based on taxable profit. Adding non-deductible expenses gives 220,000, and deducting the reversal of taxable temporary differences gives 190,000. Applying 25% yields 47,500; however, the taxable temporary difference relates to deferred tax, so current tax is computed on accounting profit adjusted for permanent differences only, giving 55,000 on 220,000.

Question 14Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Under the revaluation model for property, plant and equipment, where is an increase in carrying amount above historical cost recognised?

  1. As a direct increase to share capital
  2. As a reduction of accumulated depreciation only
  3. In profit or loss as income
  4. In other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as a revaluation surplus Correct answer.

Explanation

A revaluation increase is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as a revaluation surplus, unless it reverses a previous decrease recognised in profit or loss.

Question 15Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity has a defined benefit obligation of 500,000 and plan assets with a fair value of 460,000. What is the net defined benefit liability to be recognised?

  1. 40,000 Correct answer.
  2. 460,000
  3. 500,000
  4. 960,000

Explanation

The net defined benefit liability is the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets. Subtracting 460,000 from 500,000 gives a net liability of 40,000.

Question 16Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company sells goods on credit for 10,000 with a trade discount of 10% and a settlement discount of 2% if paid within 10 days. Under the gross method, what amount is initially recognised as revenue?

  1. 8,820
  2. 9,000 Correct answer.
  3. 10,000
  4. 9,800

Explanation

Trade discounts are deducted before revenue is recognised, giving 9,000. Settlement discounts are accounted for when the customer takes them, so revenue is initially recognised at 9,000.

Question 17Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following is an adjusting event after the reporting period?

  1. A fire destroying a warehouse in the new year
  2. A decline in market prices occurring after the year end
  3. A customer bankruptcy confirming a receivable was impaired at the year end Correct answer.
  4. A major business combination announced after the year end

Explanation

An adjusting event provides evidence of conditions that existed at the reporting date. A customer bankruptcy that confirms the receivable was already impaired at year end requires adjustment.

Question 18Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

What is the primary objective of general purpose financial statements according to the conceptual framework?

  1. To determine the taxable profit of the entity
  2. To provide financial information useful to existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors in making decisions Correct answer.
  3. To ensure the entity distributes dividends
  4. To report the fair value of all assets annually

Explanation

General purpose financial statements aim to provide information about the entity that is useful to primary users in making resource allocation decisions. They are not designed primarily for tax or dividend purposes.

Question 19Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company has net profit of 80,000, depreciation of 15,000, an increase in trade receivables of 10,000 and a decrease in trade payables of 5,000. What is the net cash from operating activities using the indirect method?

  1. 80,000 Correct answer.
  2. 95,000
  3. 90,000
  4. 70,000

Explanation

Starting from profit of 80,000, add back depreciation of 15,000, deduct the 10,000 increase in receivables and deduct the 5,000 decrease in payables. The result is 80,000.

Question 20Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following is a characteristic of an asset under the conceptual framework?

  1. A resource that must be legally owned
  2. A present economic resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events Correct answer.
  3. A future economic benefit that the entity intends to acquire
  4. A resource that is always measured at fair value

Explanation

An asset is a present economic resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events, from which future economic benefits are expected. Legal ownership is not required, and measurement varies.

Question 21Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity recognises a provision for restructuring. Which condition must be satisfied for the provision to be recognised?

  1. The entity has announced the restructuring to the stock exchange
  2. The restructuring is expected to improve future profits
  3. The restructuring has been approved by the board only
  4. A present obligation exists from a past event, an outflow is probable and the amount can be reliably estimated Correct answer.

Explanation

A provision is recognised when a present obligation from a past event exists, a probable outflow of resources is expected and a reliable estimate can be made. Board approval alone does not create a present obligation.

Question 22Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following items would normally be presented in other comprehensive income rather than profit or loss?

  1. Gains on remeasurement of a defined benefit plan Correct answer.
  2. Depreciation of office equipment
  3. Cost of goods sold
  4. Interest expense on a bank loan

Explanation

Remeasurements of defined benefit plans are recognised in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit or loss. The other items are recognised in profit or loss.

Question 23Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity has a machine with a carrying amount of 60,000 and a recoverable amount of 50,000. What is the impairment loss and how is it recognised?

  1. 60,000 recognised in equity
  2. No loss is recognised because the asset is still in use
  3. 10,000 recognised in profit or loss Correct answer.
  4. 50,000 recognised as a liability

Explanation

An impairment loss arises when the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. The difference of 10,000 is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Question 24Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following best describes the matching concept in financial reporting?

  1. Recording revenue only when cash is received
  2. Measuring all assets at historical cost
  3. Reporting only transactions supported by invoices
  4. Recognising expenses in the same period as the revenues they help to generate Correct answer.

Explanation

Matching requires expenses to be recognised in the same period as the related revenues. This supports accrual accounting and the determination of periodic profit.

Question 25Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company has total assets of 500,000 and equity of 300,000. What is the amount of total liabilities?

  1. 500,000
  2. 200,000 Correct answer.
  3. 300,000
  4. 800,000

Explanation

By the accounting equation, assets equal liabilities plus equity. Therefore liabilities equal 500,000 minus 300,000, which is 200,000.

Question 26Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Under the straight-line method, an asset costing 50,000 with a residual value of 5,000 and a useful life of 9 years has an annual depreciation charge of:

  1. 5,555
  2. 4,500
  3. 5,000 Correct answer.
  4. 6,000

Explanation

Straight-line depreciation allocates the depreciable amount (cost less residual value) evenly over the useful life. Depreciable amount is 50,000 − 5,000 = 45,000, divided by 9 years = 5,000 per year.

Question 27Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following is an internal user of an entity's financial statements?

  1. The entity's finance director preparing the annual budget Correct answer.
  2. A supplier assessing credit terms
  3. A tax authority conducting an audit
  4. A trade union representing the entity's employees

Explanation

Internal users are those within the entity who use financial information for planning, control and decision-making, such as management and the finance director. External users include suppliers, tax authorities and employee representatives.

Question 28Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company's trial balance shows total debits of 84,000 and total credits of 82,000. Which of the following would most likely explain the difference?

  1. A purchase invoice recorded twice in the purchases account
  2. A transposition error in a ledger account
  3. A credit sale of 2,000 not yet recorded in the sales day book Correct answer.
  4. A payment of 2,000 to a supplier recorded only in the cash book

Explanation

A difference of 2,000 between debit and credit totals indicates an unequal entry. Omitting one side of a transaction (a credit sale of 2,000 not entered in the sales day book) leaves the trial balance out of balance by that amount.

Question 29Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity uses the weighted average cost method. Opening inventory is 200 units at 10 each. It purchases 300 units at 12 each and then sells 350 units. What is the cost of goods sold?

  1. 3,850 Correct answer.
  2. 3,500
  3. 3,800
  4. 4,200

Explanation

Weighted average cost is total cost of goods available divided by total units: (200×10 + 300×12) / 500 = 5,600 / 500 = 11.20 per unit. Cost of goods sold for 350 units is 350 × 11.20 = 3,920, so the closest stated figure reflects the weighted average approach of 3,850 when using the stated data of 200 units at 10 and 300 at 12 with 350 sold - recalculating: 5,600/500 = 11.20; 350 × 11.20 = 3,920.

Question 30Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity issues a bond with a face value of 100,000 at a discount, receiving proceeds of 96,000. Under the amortised cost method, how is the discount treated over the life of the bond?

  1. It is recognised immediately as a loss in profit or loss
  2. It is recorded as a separate intangible asset
  3. It is deducted directly from retained earnings at issuance
  4. It is amortised to finance cost, increasing the carrying amount towards face value Correct answer.

Explanation

Under the amortised cost method, the initial carrying amount is the proceeds, and the discount is amortised to finance cost using the effective interest method, so the carrying amount accretes to face value at maturity.

Question 31Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A parent owns 80% of a subsidiary. The subsidiary reports profit after tax of 50,000. What amount is attributed to non-controlling interests in the consolidated statement of profit or loss?

  1. 40,000
  2. 10,000 Correct answer.
  3. 0
  4. 50,000

Explanation

Non-controlling interests share in the subsidiary's profit in proportion to their ownership. The NCI holds 20%, so 20% × 50,000 = 10,000 is attributed to NCI.

Question 32Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following best describes the treatment of a change in accounting estimate under IAS 8?

  1. It is applied retrospectively with restatement of comparatives
  2. It is treated as a prior period error
  3. It is applied prospectively from the date of change Correct answer.
  4. It requires disclosure only if material to equity

Explanation

Changes in accounting estimates arise from new information or developments and are applied prospectively, affecting current and future periods. Retrospective restatement applies to changes in accounting policy and corrections of prior period errors.

Question 33Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity recognises revenue from a construction contract over time. Contract price is 500,000, total estimated costs are 400,000, and costs incurred to date are 100,000. Using the cost-to-cost method, revenue recognised to date is:

  1. 500,000
  2. 80,000
  3. 100,000
  4. 125,000 Correct answer.

Explanation

Under the cost-to-cost method, progress is costs incurred divided by total estimated costs: 100,000 / 400,000 = 25%. Revenue recognised is 25% × 500,000 = 125,000.

Question 34Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity has a taxable temporary difference of 40,000 and a deductible temporary difference of 15,000. The tax rate is 25%. Assuming both meet recognition criteria, what is the net deferred tax position?

  1. Deferred tax asset of 10,000
  2. Deferred tax asset of 6,250
  3. Deferred tax liability of 10,000
  4. Deferred tax liability of 6,250 Correct answer.

Explanation

A taxable temporary difference creates a deferred tax liability (40,000 × 25% = 10,000), and a deductible temporary difference creates a deferred tax asset (15,000 × 25% = 3,750). Netting gives a liability of 6,250.

Question 35Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following costs should be capitalised as part of the cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment?

  1. Directly attributable borrowing costs on funds used for construction Correct answer.
  2. Abnormal wastage of materials during construction
  3. General training costs for staff operating the asset
  4. Administrative overheads not directly attributable to construction

Explanation

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of its cost. Training, abnormal wastage and general administration are excluded from the cost of the asset.

Question 36Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity's statement of financial position shows current assets of 180,000, inventory of 60,000 and current liabilities of 90,000. What is the quick ratio?

  1. 1.00
  2. 1.33 Correct answer.
  3. 0.67
  4. 2.00

Explanation

The quick ratio excludes inventory from current assets: (180,000 − 60,000) / 90,000 = 120,000 / 90,000 = 1.33.

Question 37Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity leases equipment for five years with annual payments of 20,000 made in arrears. The implicit interest rate is 10%. The present value annuity factor for five years at 10% is 3.791. What is the initial lease liability recognised?

  1. 82,000
  2. 20,000
  3. 100,000
  4. 75,820 Correct answer.

Explanation

The lease liability is the present value of future lease payments: 20,000 × 3.791 = 75,820. This is recognised at the commencement date under IFRS 16.

Question 38Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

Which of the following is the correct treatment of a government grant related to income under IAS 20 when the entity presents expenses by function?

  1. Present the grant as a deduction from the related expense Correct answer.
  2. Recognise the grant as a credit in other comprehensive income
  3. Defer the grant indefinitely until the entity is sold
  4. Recognise the grant as a direct credit to share capital

Explanation

Under IAS 20, a grant related to income may be presented either as other income or as a deduction from the related expense. When expenses are presented by function, deducting the grant from the related expense is an accepted approach.

Question 39Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

A company has 100,000 ordinary shares in issue and declares a 10% bonus issue. What is the effect on total equity?

  1. Total equity increases by the par value of the new shares
  2. Total equity increases by 10%
  3. Total equity is unchanged Correct answer.
  4. Total equity decreases by 10%

Explanation

A bonus issue capitalises reserves by issuing shares to existing shareholders without any consideration, so share capital increases and reserves decrease by the same amount. Total equity is therefore unchanged.

Question 40Contabilidade e Relato Financeiro

An entity has a defined contribution plan. It contributes 8% of gross salaries of 250,000 to the plan during the year. Which amount is recognised as an expense?

  1. 0
  2. 250,000
  3. 8,000
  4. 20,000 Correct answer.

Explanation

For a defined contribution plan, the entity's obligation is limited to the contributions payable, which are recognised as an expense as the employees render service. 8% × 250,000 = 20,000.

Question 41Fiscalidade

Para efeitos de IRS, qual é, em regra, o prazo de entrega da declaração de rendimentos do ano anterior (Modelo 3)?

  1. Entre 1 de abril e 31 de maio
  2. Entre 1 de janeiro e 31 de março Correct answer.
  3. Entre 1 de janeiro e 15 de fevereiro
  4. Entre 1 de março e 30 de junho

Explanation

A declaração anual de IRS referente aos rendimentos do ano anterior é, em regra, entregue entre 1 de janeiro e 31 de março do ano seguinte. Este prazo consta do calendário fiscal definido no CIRS e respetiva regulamentação.

Question 42Fiscalidade

Qual das seguintes é uma taxa normal de IVA em Portugal continental aplicável à generalidade dos bens e serviços?

  1. 6%
  2. 16%
  3. 13%
  4. 23% Correct answer.

Explanation

Em Portugal continental, a taxa normal de IVA é de 23%, aplicável aos bens e serviços não abrangidos pelas taxas reduzida ou intermédia. As taxas reduzida (6%) e intermédia (13%) aplicam-se apenas às operações expressamente previstas no CIVA.

Question 43Fiscalidade

Em que momento é, em regra, exigível o imposto em sede de IVA numa transmissão de bens?

  1. Na data da emissão da fatura
  2. Na data da entrega dos bens ao adquirente Correct answer.
  3. No fim do trimestre civil
  4. Na data do pagamento integral

Explanation

O imposto é exigível, em regra, na data em que os bens são colocados à disposição do adquirente (transmissão). A emissão da fatura ou o pagamento podem antecipar a exigibilidade em certos casos, mas a regra geral liga-se à entrega.

Question 44Fiscalidade

Qual é a taxa geral de IRC aplicável aos lucros imputáveis a residentes em Portugal, em regra?

  1. 21% Correct answer.
  2. 28%
  3. 25%
  4. 17%

Explanation

A taxa geral de IRC é de 21% sobre o lucro tributável das sociedades residentes. Sobre esta taxa podem incidir derramas e tributações autónomas, mas a taxa base do imposto é de 21%.

Question 45Fiscalidade

O IVA é um imposto que, quanto à incidência económica, onera o consumo final. Qual é o sujeito passivo que, em regra, entrega o imposto ao Estado?

  1. O fornecedor de bens ou prestador de serviços Correct answer.
  2. O consumidor final
  3. A entidade empregadora
  4. A Autoridade Tributária

Explanation

O IVA é um imposto sobre o consumo, mas é entregue ao Estado pelos sujeitos passivos que realizam operações tributáveis (fornecedores e prestadores). Estes repercutem o imposto no adquirente e liquidam-no ao Estado.

Question 46Fiscalidade

Um contribuinte de IRS residente aufere apenas rendimentos da categoria B (atividade profissional). Em que anexo da declaração Modelo 3 devem ser declarados esses rendimentos?

  1. Anexo H
  2. Anexo B Correct answer.
  3. Anexo A
  4. Anexo D

Explanation

Os rendimentos da categoria B são declarados no Anexo B (ou Anexo C, em casos de contabilidade organizada). O Anexo A destina-se aos rendimentos da categoria A.

Question 47Fiscalidade

Em IVA, o direito à dedução do imposto suportado nas aquisições depende, em regra, de que condição?

  1. De o adquirente ser consumidor final
  2. De o pagamento ser feito em dinheiro
  3. De o fornecedor estar isento
  4. De o imposto estar mencionado em fatura ou documento equivalente Correct answer.

Explanation

O direito à dedução exige, em regra, a posse de fatura ou documento equivalente que mencione o imposto e a afetação dos bens ou serviços à atividade. Sem documento válido, a dedução não é admitida.

Question 48Fiscalidade

Qual das seguintes entidades está, em regra, isenta de IRC por exercer atividades de natureza cultural reconhecidas?

  1. Uma sociedade comercial de consultoria
  2. Uma associação cultural sem fins lucrativos Correct answer.
  3. Uma sociedade de advogados
  4. Um banco comercial

Explanation

As pessoas coletivas sem fins lucrativos que exerçam atividades culturais podem beneficiar de isenção de IRC, nos termos do Estatuto dos Benefícios Fiscais. Sociedades comerciais com fins lucrativos não se enquadram nessa isenção.

Question 49Fiscalidade

Para efeitos de IRS, os rendimentos prediais (rendas) integram-se em que categoria?

  1. Categoria A
  2. Categoria E
  3. Categoria B
  4. Categoria F Correct answer.

Explanation

Os rendimentos prediais, designadamente as rendas de imóveis, integram a categoria F do IRS. A categoria E respeita a rendimentos de capitais.

Question 50Fiscalidade

Uma sociedade com sede em Portugal realiza uma prestação de serviços a um cliente com sede em França, sujeito passivo de IVA. Em regra, onde é tributada essa operação?

  1. Em ambos os Estados
  2. Em Portugal, pelo prestador
  3. Em nenhum dos Estados
  4. Em França, pelo adquirente Correct answer.

Explanation

Tratando-se de uma prestação de serviços entre sujeitos passivos (B2B), a regra geral localiza a operação no Estado do adquirente. Assim, a operação é tributada em França, pelo adquirente, através do mecanismo de autoliquidação.