PTCB MTM flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Bioavailability
- The fraction of an administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation unchanged; intravenous administration is considered 100% bioavailable, while oral drugs may undergo first-pass metabolism.
- First-pass metabolism
- Hepatic metabolism of an oral drug before it reaches systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability; routes such as intravenous, sublingual, and transdermal bypass this effect.
- Pharmacokinetics
- The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over time; it determines how quickly and for how long a drug concentration persists in the body.
- Pharmacodynamics
- The relationship between drug concentration at the receptor site and the resulting pharmacologic effect; it explains potency, efficacy, and mechanisms of action.
- Narrow therapeutic index
- A property of drugs such as warfarin, digoxin, lithium, and phenytoin where small changes in blood concentration can produce toxicity or therapeutic failure, requiring monitoring.
- Type A adverse reaction
- A dose-dependent, predictable adverse drug reaction that extends the drug's known pharmacology, such as bleeding with an anticoagulant or hypoglycemia with insulin.
- Type B adverse reaction
- An idiosyncratic, often immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that is not predictable from the drug's pharmacology and is usually not dose-related, such as anaphylaxis.
- Boxed warning
- The FDA's strongest safety warning, highlighting serious or life-threatening risks; drugs with boxed warnings may require restricted distribution, monitoring, or a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy.
- Beers Criteria
- A list of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults, including benzodiazepines and anticholinergics, used to reduce fall, cognitive, and other geriatric risks.
- Medication reconciliation
- A formal process of obtaining and comparing a patient's best possible medication history at care transitions to identify omissions, duplications, and discrepancies.
- High-alert medication
- A drug with heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used in error; examples include anticoagulants, insulin, opioids, and concentrated electrolytes.
- Tall man lettering
- A formatting strategy that uses mixed capitalization to distinguish look-alike/sound-alike drug names, such as hydrOXYzine versus hydrALAZINE, reducing selection errors.
- NCC MERP index
- A medication error classification scale from category A, circumstances that could cause an error, through category I, an error that contributed to or caused death.
- Root cause analysis
- A retrospective, team-based method for investigating a sentinel event to identify underlying system failures and prevent recurrence.
- FMEA
- Failure mode and effects analysis; a prospective risk-assessment method that identifies ways a process can fail and prioritizes preventive actions before harm occurs.
- MedWatch
- The FDA program for reporting serious adverse events, product quality problems, and medication errors involving human medical products.
- USP <797>
- United States Pharmacopeia standard for sterile compounding that addresses facilities, environmental monitoring, personnel training, and beyond-use dating to prevent contamination.
- USP <800>
- United States Pharmacopeia standard for safe handling of hazardous drugs, covering containment, personal protective equipment, deactivation, and disposal.
- PDC
- Proportion of days covered; a medication adherence metric calculated as days covered by dispensed medication divided by days in the measurement period.
- Just culture
- A safety framework that distinguishes human error from at-risk and reckless behavior, encouraging nonpunitive error reporting while maintaining accountability.
- Independent double-check
- A process in which a second qualified person separately verifies a high-alert medication's calculation, preparation, and identity before administration.
- MTM eligibility
- CMS Part D criteria generally requiring multiple chronic diseases, multiple Part D-covered medications, and annual drug costs above the CMS threshold.
- Comprehensive medication review
- An interactive annual consultation with the patient or caregiver to assess medications, identify problems, and create a personal medication list and action plan.
- Personal medication list
- A patient-centered record of current medications with strengths, directions, and purpose, updated during the comprehensive medication review.
- Medication action plan
- A document created during MTM that records patient goals, medication-related problems, recommended actions, and follow-up responsibilities.
- Targeted medication review
- A focused review addressing specific medication concerns between comprehensive reviews, required at least quarterly under CMS Part D MTM standards.
- Opt-out documentation
- A record showing that a beneficiary declined MTM enrollment; the sponsor must document it and provide information on how to re-enroll.
- CPT 99605
- A billing code for an initial medication therapy management consultation by a pharmacist, typically covering 15 minutes of face-to-face time.
- CPT 99606
- A billing code for a follow-up medication therapy management consultation by a pharmacist, typically covering 15 minutes of face-to-face time.
- Medication therapy problem
- A medication-related issue such as unnecessary therapy, need for additional therapy, ineffective drug, dose too high or low, adverse reaction, or nonadherence.
- Part D Star Ratings
- CMS quality ratings that include medication adherence measures for diabetes, hypertension, and cholesterol, plus statin use in diabetes.
- Collaborative practice agreement
- A formal agreement allowing a pharmacist to manage medication therapy under defined protocols in collaboration with a prescriber.