QABA ABAT flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Behavior
- Any observable and measurable action of a person; it must be described in objective terms so two observers could agree that it occurred or did not occur.
- Dead man's test
- A rule stating that if a dead person could perform the action, it is not behavior; used to write measurable, socially valid behavior targets.
- Three-term contingency
- The relationship among an antecedent stimulus, a behavior, and its consequence; it is the basic unit of operant analysis and behavior change.
- Discriminative stimulus (SD)
- An antecedent stimulus in the presence of which a response has been reinforced, thereby increasing the likelihood of that response occurring again in its presence.
- Establishing operation
- A motivating operation that increases the value of a reinforcer and momentarily increases the frequency of behavior that has previously produced that reinforcer.
- Negative reinforcement
- A consequence in which a stimulus is removed after a behavior, resulting in an increase in the future frequency of that behavior.
- Extinction
- Withholding the reinforcer that previously maintained a behavior, which produces a gradual decrease in the behavior, often after an initial burst.
- Seven dimensions of ABA
- Baer, Wolf, and Risley's criteria: applied, behavioral, analytic, technological, conceptually systematic, effective, and generality, used to judge whether an intervention is truly behavioral.
- Rate
- A continuous measure calculated as the number of responses divided by a unit of time, such as responses per minute, allowing comparison across unequal session lengths.
- Latency
- A continuous measure of the time elapsed between the presentation of an antecedent stimulus and the beginning of the response.
- Partial interval recording
- A discontinuous measure in which an interval is scored if the behavior occurs at any point during it; it tends to overestimate the true rate of behavior.
- Whole interval recording
- A discontinuous measure in which an interval is scored only if the behavior occurs throughout the entire interval; it tends to underestimate the true rate.
- Momentary time sampling
- A discontinuous measure in which the observer records whether the behavior is occurring exactly at the end of each interval.
- Total count IOA
- An interobserver agreement method computed by dividing the smaller total count by the larger total count and then multiplying by 100.
- Permanent product recording
- Measuring behavior indirectly through the tangible outcomes it leaves behind, such as completed worksheets or a cleaned room, rather than watching the behavior occur.
- Graph level, trend, variability
- Features used to analyze single-case graphs: level is the average value of the data path, trend is its direction, and variability is the degree of fluctuation.
- Discrete trial training
- A structured teaching method using repeated brief trials, each consisting of an instruction, a prompted response, a consequence, and a short intertrial interval.
- Most-to-least prompting
- A prompting hierarchy that begins with the most intrusive prompt and gradually fades to less intrusive prompts as the learner responds successfully.
- Natural environment training
- Teaching conducted in the settings and activities of the learner's daily life, using items and events that currently motivate the learner.
- Backward chaining
- A chaining procedure in which the trainer completes all steps except the last, which the learner performs; earlier steps are added in reverse order.
- Shaping
- Reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior while placing earlier approximations on extinction until the terminal response occurs.
- Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
- A procedure in which a specified alternative behavior is reinforced while the problem behavior is no longer reinforced, reducing the problem behavior.
- DRO
- Differential reinforcement of other behavior: delivering reinforcement after an interval in which the target problem behavior did not occur at all.
- Functions of behavior
- The consequences that maintain behavior, typically categorized as attention, escape or avoidance, access to tangibles, and automatic or sensory reinforcement.
- Informed consent
- Obtaining a client's or guardian's voluntary agreement after explaining procedures, risks, benefits, and the right to refuse or withdraw at any time.
- Scope of competence
- The range of activities a practitioner is trained and credentialed to perform; practicing outside it without supervision is an ethical violation.
- Mandated reporting
- The legal duty to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated authorities, which overrides ordinary confidentiality obligations.
- Multiple relationship
- A situation in which a practitioner has a professional relationship with a client plus another role, risking impaired judgment, and which should be avoided.
- Data fabrication
- Inventing, altering, or falsifying client records or measurement data; it is a serious ethical violation regardless of the stated intent.
- Least restrictive procedure
- Choosing the intervention that is effective while imposing the fewest limits on the client's rights, freedoms, and access to preferred activities.
- Supervision documentation
- Records of supervisory activities such as observations, feedback, and dates, required to verify that supervision occurred and to protect both parties.
- Confidentiality
- The obligation to keep client information private and disclose it only to authorized persons with a need to know, except where law requires reporting.