QABA QBA flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Positive reinforcement
- A response is followed by the addition of a stimulus, which increases the future frequency of that response under similar conditions.
- Negative punishment
- A response is followed by removal of a stimulus, such as loss of a token, which decreases the future frequency of that behavior.
- Establishing operation
- A motivating operation that increases the current reinforcing value of a stimulus and evokes behavior that has previously produced that stimulus.
- Discriminative stimulus (SD)
- A stimulus in the presence of which a response has been reinforced; its presence increases the momentary likelihood of that response occurring.
- Extinction burst
- A temporary increase in the rate, magnitude, or variability of a response at the start of extinction, sometimes including novel or aggressive behavior.
- Variable ratio schedule
- A reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement follows an unpredictable average number of responses, producing high steady rates and resistance to extinction.
- Shaping
- Reinforcing successive approximations of a terminal behavior while withholding reinforcement for earlier approximations, until the final target response reliably occurs.
- Partial interval recording
- An observer scores an interval if the behavior occurs at any point within it; this method tends to overestimate the actual occurrence of the behavior.
- Whole interval recording
- Behavior is scored only if it occurs throughout the entire interval; this method tends to underestimate the true occurrence and duration of behavior.
- Momentary time sampling
- The observer records only whether the behavior is occurring at the instant each interval ends, so continuous observation of the client is not required.
- Scored-interval IOA
- Interobserver agreement computed using only intervals in which both observers scored the behavior; a stringent index recommended for low-rate or short-duration behavior.
- Functional analysis
- Experimental manipulation of antecedents and consequences across arranged conditions to identify the environmental variables that maintain a problem behavior.
- MSWO preference assessment
- Multiple items are presented in an array; after each selection the chosen item is removed and the remaining items are reordered for the next trial.
- Latency
- The elapsed time between the onset of a specified stimulus or instruction and the initiation of the response being measured.
- Functional communication training
- A differential reinforcement of alternative behavior procedure in which a socially appropriate communication response producing the same reinforcer replaces the problem behavior.
- DRO
- Differential reinforcement of other behavior: reinforcement is delivered for any behavior other than the target, provided the target did not occur during the interval.
- Noncontingent reinforcement
- Time-based delivery of a preferred stimulus independent of the client's behavior, which reduces problem behavior by weakening the relevant motivating operation.
- High-probability request sequence
- Two to five high-probability requests with reinforced compliance are delivered rapidly, followed by a low-probability request to increase the likelihood of compliance.
- Behavioral momentum
- Increased persistence of responding that follows a series of reinforced high-probability responses delivered immediately before a more difficult or nonpreferred request.
- Backward chaining
- Training begins with the last step of a task analysis; earlier steps are added in reverse order until the learner completes the entire chain.
- Token economy
- Tokens earned for target behaviors are later exchanged for backup reinforcers, so the tokens function as generalized conditioned reinforcement.
- Behavioral skills training
- A staff training package of instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, repeated until the trainee performs the target skill to criterion.
- Treatment integrity
- The extent to which an intervention is implemented exactly as planned, measured by direct observation or checklists of the written component steps.
- Performance feedback
- Specific, timely information about a trainee's behavior, typically pairing praise for correct steps with corrective guidance, delivered contingent on observed performance.
- Pyramidal training
- A model in which an expert trains a small group of staff, who then train and supervise other staff, extending the reach of limited training resources.
- Observer drift
- A gradual unintended change in how an observer applies a behavior definition over time, threatening measurement accuracy and countered by retraining and IOA checks.
- Competency checklist
- A task-analyzed list of critical skill steps used to verify that a trainee performs each component correctly before implementing procedures independently.
- Informed consent
- Voluntary agreement by a client or authorized guardian who has capacity, understands procedures, risks, and alternatives, and may withdraw at any time.
- Least restrictive procedure
- Selecting the intervention that is likely to be effective while imposing the fewest limits on the client's rights and liberties, supported by risk-benefit analysis.
- Multiple relationship
- A second role with a client or supervisee, such as social, financial, or familial, that could impair professional objectivity or risk exploitation.
- Mandated reporting
- A legal duty to report suspected child or vulnerable-adult abuse, neglect, or imminent risk of harm to designated authorities, even without client consent.
- Cultural responsiveness
- Adapting assessment and intervention to the client's language, values, and background while ensuring procedures remain socially valid and acceptable.