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PSPO II practice questions

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Question 1Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which three pillars support empirical process control in Scrum?

  1. Estimation, prioritization, and delivery
  2. Commitment, focus, and openness
  3. Transparency, inspection, and adaptation Correct answer.
  4. Planning, execution, and validation

Explanation

Scrum is founded on empiricism, which rests on three pillars: transparency, inspection, and adaptation. Transparency makes the state of the work visible, inspection checks progress toward goals, and adaptation adjusts the work when inspection reveals deviation.

Question 2Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which set of five values does Scrum describe as the values Scrum Teams live by?

  1. Respect, transparency, adaptability, focus, and speed
  2. Commitment, focus, openness, respect, and courage Correct answer.
  3. Courage, trust, quality, simplicity, and ownership
  4. Openness, discipline, accountability, curiosity, and focus

Explanation

The Scrum Guide names five values: commitment, focus, openness, respect, and courage. These values give direction to the Scrum Team's work, actions, and behaviour, and their absence undermines the empirical pillars.

Question 3Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What is the maximum duration of a Sprint in Scrum?

  1. Three weeks
  2. Two weeks
  3. Three months
  4. One month Correct answer.

Explanation

Sprints are fixed-length events of one month or less that keep consistency and limit risk to the cost of a single Sprint. Shorter Sprints generate more learning cycles and constrain risk further.

Question 4Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Who is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team?

  1. The stakeholders
  2. The Product Owner Correct answer.
  3. The Developers
  4. The Scrum Master

Explanation

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing product value and for effective Product Backlog management. How that accountability is implemented may vary widely across organizations.

Question 5Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What is the timebox for the Daily Scrum?

  1. Thirty minutes
  2. One hour
  3. As long as needed, up to one hour
  4. Fifteen minutes Correct answer.

Explanation

The Daily Scrum is a 15-minute event for the Developers, held at the same time and place every working day of the Sprint. If the Product Owner or Scrum Master participate, they do so as Developers.

Question 6Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What is the primary purpose of the Sprint Retrospective?

  1. To demonstrate the Increment to stakeholders and collect their feedback
  2. To order the Product Backlog for the next Sprint
  3. To decide whether the Sprint Goal has been met
  4. To plan ways to increase quality and effectiveness Correct answer.

Explanation

The Retrospective inspects how the last Sprint went with regard to individuals, interactions, processes, tools, and the Definition of Done. It concludes with the most impactful improvements the team will address, some of which may be added to the next Sprint Backlog.

Question 7Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Halfway through a Sprint, the Developers discover that a selected Sprint Backlog item is far larger than expected. What is most consistent with Scrum?

  1. Cancel the current Sprint and start a new one with a smaller scope
  2. Change the Sprint Goal so that it reflects the team's new understanding
  3. Extend the duration of the Sprint by a few days so the item can be finished
  4. Renegotiate the scope of the Sprint Backlog with the Product Owner Correct answer.

Explanation

As more is learned during a Sprint, the scope of the Sprint Backlog may be clarified and renegotiated with the Product Owner without affecting the Sprint Goal. Sprint length and the Sprint Goal remain fixed.

Question 8Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

A Scrum Team works in an organization that has no organizational Definition of Done. What must the Scrum Team do?

  1. Ask the Product Owner to define a Done standard for each Sprint
  2. Use the acceptance criteria of each Product Backlog item as the Definition of Done
  3. Proceed without a Definition of Done until the organization publishes one
  4. Create a Definition of Done for the product that is appropriate for the Increment Correct answer.

Explanation

If the organization's standards are not in use, the Scrum Team must create a Definition of Done appropriate for the product, and it must be met for any work to count as part of an Increment. If several teams work on one product, they share it as a minimum bar.

Question 9Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

How many Product Goals does a product have at any point in time?

  1. One per Scrum Team
  2. One per Sprint
  3. As many as the Product Owner chooses to track
  4. Exactly one Correct answer.

Explanation

The Product Goal describes a future state of the product and is the long-term objective for the Scrum Team; the team must fulfil one objective at a time. It is the commitment associated with the Product Backlog and is replaced once it is met.

Question 10Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which statement best describes the Sprint Review?

  1. An internal event attended only by the Scrum Team to confirm the Sprint Goal was achieved
  2. It is a formal decision gate at which stakeholders approve or reject the Increment before release
  3. A presentation of completed Product Backlog items delivered by the Product Owner to stakeholders
  4. A working session where the Scrum Team and stakeholders inspect the outcome and adapt the backlog Correct answer.

Explanation

The Sprint Review is a working session where the Scrum Team and stakeholders inspect the outcome of the Sprint and determine future adaptations. It is not a release gate; releasing is a separate business decision the Product Owner may make at any time.

Question 11Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Who can cancel a Sprint?

  1. The Product Owner, when the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete Correct answer.
  2. The Scrum Master, when the team is not following the Scrum framework
  3. The Developers, by a majority vote taken during a Daily Scrum
  4. Senior management, whenever business priorities change

Explanation

Only the Product Owner has the authority to cancel a Sprint, and cancellation happens only if the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. Because priorities can change, Sprints are kept short to limit the waste if a cancellation becomes necessary.

Question 12Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What happens between the end of one Sprint and the start of the next Sprint?

  1. A short release window during which the Increment is deployed
  2. Nothing; the next Sprint starts immediately Correct answer.
  3. A backlog refinement period scheduled by the Product Owner
  4. A stakeholder review gap of up to one week

Explanation

A new Sprint starts immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint, with no gap between them. This continuous cadence keeps the rhythm of inspection and adaptation intact.

Question 13Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which statement about Product Backlog refinement is consistent with the Scrum Guide?

  1. It must be facilitated by the Scrum Master and attended by all stakeholders
  2. It is an ongoing activity, not one of the five Scrum events Correct answer.
  3. It happens once per Sprint, replacing the Sprint Review
  4. It is a formal event that must be timeboxed to ten percent of the Sprint duration

Explanation

Refinement is the ongoing act of breaking down and further defining Product Backlog items into smaller, more precise items. It is not one of the five Scrum events and may consume as much or as little time as the team finds useful.

Question 14Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

The Scrum Guide describes the Developers as self-managing. What does this mean?

  1. They decide which stakeholders may attend the Sprint Review
  2. They choose their own working hours and are not bound by a Definition of Done
  3. They internally decide who does what, when, and how Correct answer.
  4. They set their own Sprint length without consulting the Product Owner

Explanation

Self-managing Developers internally decide who does what, when, and how. Self-management refers to how the team organises its own work, not to autonomy over Scrum's rules or accountabilities.

Question 15Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What is the Scrum Master accountable for?

  1. Approving the Definition of Done that is used across the whole organization
  2. Maximizing the value delivered by the Developers during every Sprint
  3. Ordering the Product Backlog items so that the Product Goal is achieved
  4. Establishing Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide and team effectiveness Correct answer.

Explanation

The Scrum Master is accountable for establishing Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide and for the Scrum Team's effectiveness. This is a leadership accountability expressed through serving the team and the wider organization.

Question 16Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which items make up the Sprint Backlog?

  1. Every Product Backlog item planned for the upcoming release, plus its estimate
  2. The Sprint Goal, the selected items, and the plan for delivering them Correct answer.
  3. The Definition of Done and the acceptance criteria agreed with stakeholders
  4. The Product Goal and the improvement actions from the last Retrospective

Explanation

The Sprint Backlog is composed of the Sprint Goal, the Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint, and the plan for delivering them. It is a highly visible real-time picture of the work the Developers plan for the Sprint and is updated throughout.

Question 17Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Midway through a Sprint, the Developers complete a Product Backlog item that meets the Definition of Done. Which statement is true?

  1. It must be released immediately, because every Increment must be delivered
  2. It is not an Increment unless the organization defines the Definition of Done
  3. It is part of the Increment and may be released before the Sprint ends Correct answer.
  4. It cannot be part of the Increment until the Sprint has ended

Explanation

An Increment is a concrete stepping stone toward the Product Goal, and more than one Increment may be created within a Sprint. Work that meets the Definition of Done is part of an Increment and may be delivered to stakeholders before the Sprint ends.

Question 18Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

The Developers want to change the way they run their Daily Scrum. What does Scrum allow?

  1. They may skip it entirely if they already communicate continuously
  2. Any structure is fine, as long as it focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal Correct answer.
  3. Only the Scrum Master may approve a change to the Daily Scrum format
  4. Nothing may change, because the three-question format is mandatory in the Scrum Guide

Explanation

The Developers can conduct the Daily Scrum in whatever structure and technique they choose, provided it focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and produces an actionable plan for the next day of work. This is an expression of self-management.

Question 19Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which three topics does Sprint Planning address?

  1. Why the product is valuable, who will build each item, and when it will be shipped to customers
  2. Why the Sprint is valuable, what can be done, and how the work will get done Correct answer.
  3. What went well, what did not go well, and what to improve
  4. Which items to release, who reviews them, and how defects are tracked

Explanation

Sprint Planning addresses why the Sprint is valuable, what can be done in the Sprint, and how the chosen work will get done. The resulting Sprint Goal, selected items, and plan form the Sprint Backlog.

Question 20Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Why is Scrum founded on empirical process control?

  1. It guarantees that delivery dates can be predicted accurately and early
  2. It removes the need for documentation and for detailed up-front planning
  3. It replaces the need for a Definition of Done in complex products
  4. The work is complex, so inspection of real results guides adaptation Correct answer.

Explanation

Scrum is built on empiricism because the work is complex and cannot be fully understood or predicted in advance. Rather than relying on assumptions, the Scrum Team inspects actual results and adapts, which is why transparency, inspection, and adaptation are essential.

Question 21Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What is the typical size of a Scrum Team as described in the Scrum Guide?

  1. Between five and fifteen people
  2. Ten or fewer people Correct answer.
  3. Three to nine people, including stakeholders
  4. No more than twenty people

Explanation

The Scrum Team is small enough to remain nimble and large enough to complete significant work within a Sprint, typically ten or fewer people. Small teams communicate better and are more productive, and the whole team is accountable for creating value each Sprint.

Question 22Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

The Product Owner is overloaded and wants help managing the Product Backlog. What does Scrum say?

  1. The Product Owner may delegate work to others but remains accountable Correct answer.
  2. The Developers may reorder the Product Backlog based on technical risk
  3. Only the Product Owner may ever touch the Product Backlog, with no help allowed
  4. The Scrum Master must take over ordering of the Product Backlog

Explanation

The Product Owner may delegate responsibilities to other people, but stays accountable for the results. The Product Owner remains the single point of accountability for the Product Backlog so that priorities stay coherent.

Question 23Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which mapping of Scrum artifacts to their commitments is correct?

  1. Product Backlog – Sprint Goal; Sprint Backlog – Product Goal; Increment – Definition of Done
  2. Product Backlog – Product Goal; Sprint Backlog – Sprint Goal; Increment – Definition of Done Correct answer.
  3. Product Backlog – Definition of Done; Sprint Backlog – Sprint Goal; Increment – Product Goal
  4. Product Backlog – Product Goal; Sprint Backlog – Definition of Done; Increment – Sprint Goal

Explanation

Each artifact contains a commitment that reinforces transparency and focus: the Product Goal for the Product Backlog, the Sprint Goal for the Sprint Backlog, and the Definition of Done for the Increment. These commitments are what the team plans and measures against.

Question 24Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Several Scrum Teams work together on the same product. What must they share?

  1. The same Product Goal, Product Backlog, and Product Owner Correct answer.
  2. The same Definition of Done, but separate Product Backlogs
  3. The same Sprint Backlog and a single combined Daily Scrum
  4. The same Sprint length and the same Scrum Master for all teams

Explanation

When several Scrum Teams work together on one product, they should share the same Product Goal, Product Backlog, and Product Owner. This keeps a single source of priorities and prevents divergent objectives across teams.

Question 25Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What is the timebox for the Sprint Review in a one-month Sprint?

  1. Two hours
  2. One hour
  3. Eight hours
  4. Four hours Correct answer.

Explanation

The Sprint Review is timeboxed to a maximum of four hours for a one-month Sprint. As with all events, the timebox shrinks proportionally for shorter Sprints.

Question 26Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Scrum is founded on empirical process control. Which three pillars support this approach?

  1. Transparency, inspection, and adaptation Correct answer.
  2. Planning, execution, and periodic review
  3. Commitment, focus, and openness
  4. Vision, forecasting, and value delivery

Explanation

Empirical process control rests on three pillars: transparency, so that the process and work are visible; inspection, so that artifacts and progress are examined frequently; and adaptation, so that adjustments are made when results deviate. These three work together and are reinforced by the Scrum events.

Question 27Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which set of five values does Scrum describe?

  1. Trust, autonomy, mastery, purpose, and psychological safety
  2. Planning, testing, delivering, reviewing, and improving
  3. Delivery, ownership, transparency, continuous feedback, and flow
  4. Commitment, focus, openness, respect, and courage Correct answer.

Explanation

Scrum defines five values: commitment, focus, openness, respect and courage. They describe how the Scrum Team and its stakeholders are expected to behave so that the empirical pillars can function.

Question 28Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

What is the maximum length of a Sprint?

  1. One month Correct answer.
  2. Six weeks for complex products
  3. Two weeks
  4. One calendar quarter

Explanation

A Sprint is fixed-length and may last no more than one month. Shorter Sprints are common and generate more frequent learning, but one month is the ceiling because it limits risk to a cost and effort the organization finds acceptable.

Question 29Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Halfway through a Sprint the Developers find they can still meet the Sprint Goal, but only by replacing one selected Product Backlog item with another of similar size. What is the most appropriate action?

  1. Keep working on the original item and raise the change at the Sprint Review
  2. Wait for the Scrum Master to decide whether the change is allowed
  3. Agree the change with the Product Owner and update the Sprint Backlog Correct answer.
  4. Ask the Product Owner to cancel the Sprint so the work can be re-planned

Explanation

Within a Sprint the Sprint Goal and the Definition of Done stay fixed, while the scope of the Sprint Backlog may be clarified and renegotiated with the Product Owner as more is learned. The Developers own the Sprint Backlog and adapt it during the Sprint.

Question 30Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

The Scrum Guide says the Scrum Team is cross-functional. What does this mean?

  1. Members collectively have the skills needed to create value each Sprint Correct answer.
  2. Every member is fully trained in every discipline the product requires
  3. The team can operate without interaction with stakeholders or users
  4. The team includes at least one representative from each business function

Explanation

Cross-functional means the team as a whole holds the skills required to create value every Sprint, so it does not depend on people outside the team to do the work. It does not mean every individual performs every role.

Question 31Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

In Scrum, what does it mean that an event is timeboxed?

  1. The event becomes optional once the team has matured
  2. The event must last exactly the stated duration, no more and no less
  3. The event has a maximum duration that is never exceeded Correct answer.
  4. The event may run longer if all participants agree unanimously

Explanation

A timebox is the maximum amount of time allotted to an event; the event ends when the limit is reached even if the conversation is unfinished. This keeps the cadence predictable and prevents inspection and adaptation from expanding without bound.

Question 32Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Who is required to participate in Sprint Planning?

  1. The Scrum Master and any stakeholders who have pending requests for the product
  2. The Developers together with the Product Owner only, since they do the planning work
  3. The Product Owner and the Scrum Master, while the Developers observe and take notes
  4. The whole Scrum Team: Developers, Product Owner and Scrum Master Correct answer.

Explanation

Sprint Planning is an event of the whole Scrum Team; the Developers, the Product Owner and the Scrum Master collaborate to define why the Sprint is valuable, what can be done and how. Stakeholders are not required participants.

Question 33Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

A Product Owner is deciding what the team should work on next. Which ordering approach is most consistent with Scrum?

  1. Order the backlog by the order in which stakeholders submitted their requests
  2. Order the backlog by the size of each item, smallest items first
  3. Order by value, risk and dependency to maximize product value Correct answer.
  4. Ask the Developers to order the backlog because they do the work

Explanation

The Product Backlog is ordered to maximize value, which means weighing considerations such as value, risk, dependencies and the size of the items. Ordering by arrival date or size alone ignores value and undermines the Product Owner's accountability.

Question 34Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

At the end of a Sprint one Product Backlog item does not meet the Definition of Done. What happens to that item?

  1. It is moved to a separate technical debt backlog
  2. It returns to the Product Backlog for reconsideration Correct answer.
  3. It is counted as an Increment because the work is nearly complete
  4. It is carried into the next Sprint automatically without review

Explanation

Work that does not meet the Definition of Done cannot be released or counted as part of the Increment, so it returns to the Product Backlog. The Product Owner then decides when and whether it is worth doing again.

Question 35Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Who owns the Sprint Backlog and may change it during the Sprint?

  1. The Product Owner, who reprioritizes it whenever value changes
  2. The Developers, who plan and adapt their own work Correct answer.
  3. The Scrum Master, who keeps it updated at the Daily Scrum
  4. The whole Scrum Team, acting by consensus

Explanation

The Sprint Backlog is a plan by and for the Developers and is the commitment of the Developers; they update it throughout the Sprint as they learn more. The Product Owner influences it by negotiating scope and priority, but does not own it.

Question 36Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which statement about the Increment is consistent with Scrum?

  1. An Increment is produced whenever work meets the Definition of Done Correct answer.
  2. Exactly one Increment is produced at the very end of each Sprint
  3. An Increment exists only after the Product Owner formally accepts the work
  4. An Increment must be released to production before the Sprint Review can happen

Explanation

An Increment is a concrete, usable step toward the Product Goal, and each time work meets the Definition of Done it is added to the previous Increments. A Sprint may therefore produce several Increments, and they may be delivered to users before the Sprint ends.

Question 37Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which statement about the Sprint is consistent with the Scrum Guide?

  1. The Sprint is a container for the other events, all held within it Correct answer.
  2. The Sprint may be extended by a week when the Developers are running behind
  3. The Sprint is a project phase that ends when the Product Goal is achieved
  4. The Sprint is one of five Scrum events and is held after the Sprint Review

Explanation

The Sprint is the container event inside which Sprint Planning, the Daily Scrum, the Sprint Review and the Sprint Retrospective take place. Its fixed duration is never extended, and the Product Goal usually spans several Sprints rather than ending with one.

Question 38Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

Which statement best describes the Product Goal?

  1. It describes a future state of the product the team aims for Correct answer.
  2. It is a commitment the Developers set for themselves during Sprint Planning
  3. It records the business case approved by stakeholders at project start
  4. It lists the Product Backlog items the team will finish in the next Sprint

Explanation

The Product Goal is the commitment attached to the Product Backlog and describes a future state of the product that gives the Scrum Team a target. It is longer-lived than a Sprint Goal, and a team normally pursues one Product Goal at a time.

Question 39Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

At the Sprint Retrospective the team identifies several improvements. Which action is most consistent with Scrum?

  1. Record the improvements in a document for the next quarterly planning cycle
  2. Pick the highest-impact improvement and add it to the next Sprint Backlog Correct answer.
  3. Assign every improvement to the Scrum Master so that follow-up stays consistent
  4. Select only improvements that leave the Definition of Done unchanged

Explanation

The Retrospective exists so the team can plan concrete ways to improve, and the most impactful improvements are addressed as soon as possible. In practice this often means adding them to the Sprint Backlog for the upcoming Sprint, where they can be tracked like other work.

Question 40Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework

During a Sprint, the Product Owner learns that a newly released competitor feature makes the Sprint Goal obsolete. What does Scrum permit in this situation?

  1. The Developers may cancel the Sprint on their own authority once they conclude the Sprint Goal is unreachable.
  2. The Product Owner cancels the Sprint and the completed work is reviewed before release. Correct answer.
  3. The Scrum Team must wait for the Sprint Review, where stakeholders decide whether the Sprint should end early.
  4. The Scrum Master cancels the Sprint and returns all unfinished Product Backlog items to the Product Backlog.

Explanation

Only the Product Owner has the authority to cancel a Sprint, and this typically happens when the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. On cancellation, any completed work that meets the Definition of Done is reviewed and potentially released, while unfinished items return to the Product Backlog.

Question 41Product Ownership and Product Management

In Scrum, what is the Product Goal?

  1. A set of acceptance criteria that must be met by every backlog item
  2. A list of the features that the team has committed to deliver in the next release
  3. A future state of the product that serves as a target for the team Correct answer.
  4. A contract between the Product Owner and the stakeholders about scope

Explanation

The Product Goal is the commitment for the Product Backlog. It describes a future state of the product that gives the Scrum Team a target to plan against and to measure progress toward, and there is only one at a time.

Question 42Product Ownership and Product Management

A Scrum Team is deciding how to proceed on several matters. Which decision belongs to the Product Owner?

  1. What the Product Backlog contains and in what order Correct answer.
  2. How many hours each Developer works per day
  3. Which engineering practices the team adopts
  4. How the Developers will break down and deliver backlog items

Explanation

The Product Owner owns the content, ordering and clarity of the Product Backlog. Decisions about how work is decomposed and executed belong to the self-managing Developers.

Question 43Product Ownership and Product Management

A Product Backlog item does not meet the Definition of Done by the end of the Sprint. What should happen to it?

  1. It is returned to the Product Backlog for future consideration Correct answer.
  2. It is presented at the Sprint Review as partially complete
  3. It is released anyway and the Definition of Done is updated
  4. It is moved to a separate technical debt backlog outside Scrum

Explanation

The Definition of Done is the quality standard the Increment must meet. Work that does not meet it cannot be released or presented as part of the Increment and goes back to the Product Backlog.

Question 44Product Ownership and Product Management

What is the primary purpose of a product vision?

  1. To describe the long-term future state the product aims to create Correct answer.
  2. To list every feature that is planned for the next three product releases
  3. To record the budget that has been approved for product development work
  4. To document the technical architecture that the product will be built on

Explanation

A vision communicates the desirable future the product is meant to create and gives direction for ordering and refining work. It is deliberately broader and longer-lived than a roadmap, plan or Product Goal.

Question 45Product Ownership and Product Management

In the Kano model, which category describes features whose presence delights customers but whose absence does not cause dissatisfaction?

  1. Performance features
  2. Indifferent features
  3. Delighters (attractive features) Correct answer.
  4. Must-be features

Explanation

Kano distinguishes must-be needs (absence causes dissatisfaction), performance needs (more is better) and attractive or delighter needs (unexpected presence creates satisfaction). Delighters produce disproportionate positive reaction when present but are not missed when absent.

Question 46Product Ownership and Product Management

Weighted Shortest Job First orders work by which ratio?

  1. Delivery risk divided by team velocity
  2. Total effort divided by expected revenue
  3. Business value divided by number of stakeholders
  4. Cost of delay divided by job duration or size Correct answer.

Explanation

WSJF ranks items by the economic value of doing them sooner relative to how long they occupy capacity. Higher cost of delay and shorter duration both increase priority.

Question 47Product Ownership and Product Management

What does cost of delay express?

  1. The hourly rate charged by external suppliers
  2. The amount of budget consumed by unplanned work
  3. The penalty written into a fixed-price contract
  4. The economic impact of delaying a feature's availability Correct answer.

Explanation

Cost of delay quantifies the value lost per unit of time that an item is not available to users. It lets a Product Owner compare items on economic urgency rather than on size or seniority of the requester.

Question 48Product Ownership and Product Management

Evidence-Based Management defines four Key Value Areas. Which set is correct?

  1. Customer Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Quality, Speed
  2. Revenue Growth, Cost Reduction, Profit Margin, Market Share Growth
  3. Velocity, Burndown, Cycle Time, Defect Rate
  4. Current Value, Unrealized Value, Time-to-Market, Ability to Innovate Correct answer.

Explanation

The four Key Value Areas describe both value delivered now and the organization's capacity to deliver value later, together with speed to market and innovativeness. They are deliberately broader than financial results alone.

Question 49Product Ownership and Product Management

At a Sprint Review, the Product Owner learns that a key customer no longer needs a headline backlog item. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. Keep the item in place to avoid disrupting the team's forecast
  2. Escalate to the Scrum Master to decide the backlog order
  3. Reorder or remove the item to reflect the new information Correct answer.
  4. Ask the Developers to finish it quickly before making changes

Explanation

The backlog is a living artifact and the Sprint Review exists to inspect new information and adapt. The Product Owner is expected to act on evidence by changing content or order rather than defending an outdated plan.

Question 50Product Ownership and Product Management

Which statement about Product Backlog refinement is accurate?

  1. It replaces the Sprint Planning event for mature teams
  2. It is performed only by the Product Owner without the Developers
  3. It is a mandatory event that must be timeboxed to four hours per Sprint
  4. It is an ongoing act of clarifying items before they are selected Correct answer.

Explanation

Refinement is a continuous activity in which the Product Backlog is broken down and clarified so that items are ready for consideration. It is not a prescribed event with a fixed timebox and does not substitute for Sprint Planning.