SD Pesticide Applicator flashcards
SD Pesticide Applicator · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- FIFRA
- Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the federal law that governs pesticide registration, labeling, distribution, sale, and use in the United States.
- Restricted-use pesticide
- A pesticide that may be applied only by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator because of its potential hazard to people or the environment.
- Private applicator
- A certified applicator who uses restricted-use pesticides on land they own or rent, or that their employer owns or rents, to produce an agricultural commodity.
- Section 18 exemption
- An emergency exemption granted by EPA that allows an unregistered use of a pesticide for a limited time when no registered product is available for the pest problem.
- DANGER signal word
- Category I label signal word indicating the highest acute toxicity, accompanied by a skull and crossbones when the product is highly toxic by any route.
- LD50
- The dose of a pesticide that kills 50 percent of test animals; a lower LD50 means greater acute toxicity, expressed in milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
- Preharvest interval
- The minimum number of days required between the last pesticide application and harvest of the treated crop, as stated in the label directions.
- Restricted-entry interval
- The minimum time after application during which workers may not enter the treated area without the protective equipment specified on the product label.
- Cholinesterase inhibition
- The toxic mechanism of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides; overexposure causes SLUDGE symptoms, pinpoint pupils, and muscle twitching.
- Chemical-resistant category
- A letter from A to H in the EPA chemical resistance table that indicates which glove and PPE materials resist a specific pesticide product.
- NIOSH approval
- Certification required for respirators used with pesticides; the applicator also needs a fit test and a medical evaluation before use.
- Heat stress
- A hazard of wearing protective equipment in hot weather; signs include dizziness, confusion, headache, and heavy sweating, requiring cooling and medical attention.
- Economic threshold
- The pest population density at which the cost of control equals the value of crop loss prevented, so treatment is justified at or above this level.
- Complete metamorphosis
- Insect development through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult, as seen in beetles, moths, butterflies, and flies.
- Mode-of-action rotation
- Alternating pesticides from different IRAC, HRAC, or WSSA mode-of-action groups to slow the development of resistant pest populations.
- Biological control
- Use of predators, parasitoids, and pathogens to suppress pest populations, often conserved by reducing broad-spectrum insecticide applications during peak natural-enemy activity.
- Leaching
- Downward movement of a pesticide through soil into groundwater, favored by high water solubility, low soil adsorption, and long environmental persistence.
- Koc
- Soil organic carbon adsorption coefficient; a high Koc means the pesticide binds strongly to soil organic matter and is less likely to leach.
- Bioaccumulation
- Buildup of a pesticide in an organism's tissues over time, most likely with persistent, fat-soluble compounds that resist breakdown and excretion.
- Temperature inversion
- A weather condition in which air near the ground is cooler than air above it, trapping fine spray droplets and allowing long-distance drift.
- GPA formula
- Gallons per acre equals (gallons per minute times 5940) divided by (miles per hour times nozzle spacing in inches) for a broadcast boom.
- 1/128 acre method
- Spraying a measured 18.5 by 18.5 foot area and collecting the output; the ounces collected approximately equal gallons per acre.
- Nozzle flow and pressure
- Nozzle flow rate changes with the square root of pressure, so quadrupling the pressure doubles the output from a given nozzle.
- Nozzle replacement
- Nozzles should be replaced when their output differs by more than 10 percent from a new nozzle of the same type and size.
- Triple rinse
- Rinsing an empty container three times with about one quarter of its volume, adding rinse water to the spray tank, then puncturing or recycling it.
- Backflow prevention
- An air gap or check valve that stops pesticide mixture from siphoning back into a well or water supply during mixing and filling.
- Secondary containment
- A liquid-tight structure or tray placed under storage containers that holds leaks and spills and prevents release into soil or water.
- Pesticide storage site
- A locked, dry, ventilated area away from food, feed, seed, and animals, with warning signs posted and a current SDS file available.
- Poison Control number
- 1-800-222-1222, the national number to call for suspected pesticide exposure, along with the product label and safety data sheet.
- National Response Center
- 1-800-424-8802, the federal contact for reporting pesticide releases that exceed a reportable quantity under federal law.
- RUP record retention
- Certified applicators must keep records of restricted-use pesticide applications for at least two years after the date of application.
- Spill response sequence
- Protect people, stop the source, contain the spill, absorb or clean up, notify authorities, and restock the spill kit for future use.