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Singapore PDVL study materials
Singapore PDVL study resources

Singapore PDVL practice questions

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Question 1Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Which agency issues the Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence in Singapore?

  1. The Singapore Traffic Police licensing division
  2. The National Private Hire Vehicles Association
  3. The Land Transport Authority Correct answer.
  4. The Public Transport Council

Explanation

Vocational licences for taxi and private hire car drivers are administered by the Land Transport Authority under the Road Traffic Act. Applications, the PDVL test, renewals and suspensions are all handled through LTA.

Question 2Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder is authorised to do which of the following?

  1. Operate a scheduled bus service along a public road
  2. Provide chauffeured hire services using a private hire car Correct answer.
  3. Drive a taxi and pick up passengers who hail it along a public road
  4. Rent out private motor cars to other people without providing a driver

Explanation

A PDVL covers driving a private hire car to provide chauffeured services booked through a licensed operator. Street-hailing, self-drive rental and bus operation all fall outside its scope.

Question 3Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder is driving along a road when a pedestrian waves for the car to stop. What should the driver do?

  1. Do not stop, as street-hailing is reserved for taxis Correct answer.
  2. Stop only if the passenger agrees to pay the metered fare
  3. Stop and enter the trip into the booking app afterwards
  4. Stop and pick the passenger up, since the car may be hired

Explanation

Street-hailing is reserved for taxis, so a private hire car must not stop for passengers who flag it down. Every private hire car trip must come from a booking made with a licensed operator.

Question 4Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

What must a PDVL holder do with the vocational licence while driving a private hire car?

  1. Display it on the dashboard only when carrying more than two passengers
  2. Send a photocopy of it to the booking operator at the end of each month
  3. Carry it and produce it when asked by an authorised officer Correct answer.
  4. Leave it at home and produce it only if a court summons is issued

Explanation

A vocational licence holder must carry the licence whenever driving a private hire car and produce it for inspection on demand by an authorised officer or a police officer. Failure to do so is an offence.

Question 5Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Before carrying passengers for hire, a private hire car driver must ensure the car has:

  1. Motor insurance covering use for hire and reward Correct answer.
  2. A road service licence granted to a taxi operator
  3. A commercial goods vehicle permit issued by a taxi company
  4. A valid certificate of entitlement and road tax only

Explanation

The car must be insured for its use as a private hire car carrying passengers for reward. Ordinary private car cover does not protect the driver or passengers once the car is used for hire.

Question 6Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Under the Road Traffic Act demerit point system, a driving licence is suspended when the holder accumulates:

  1. 24 demerit points within 24 months Correct answer.
  2. 18 demerit points within 18 months
  3. 36 demerit points within 36 months
  4. 12 demerit points within 12 months

Explanation

A driver who accumulates 24 demerit points within 24 months is liable to have his driving licence suspended. Repeated suspensions lead to progressively longer periods off the road.

Question 7Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder is diagnosed with a medical condition that can cause a sudden loss of consciousness. What must he do?

  1. Stop driving and inform LTA of the condition Correct answer.
  2. Ask another PDVL holder to accompany him on every trip
  3. Wait until the licence is due for renewal before reporting it
  4. Continue driving but only on short trips during daylight

Explanation

A driver must remain medically fit at all times. If a condition develops that could make driving unsafe, he must stop driving and tell LTA, which may suspend or revoke the licence.

Question 8Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

To be issued a PDVL, an applicant must hold which of the following?

  1. A valid Class 3 or Class 3A driving licence Correct answer.
  2. A motorcycle riding licence with at least two years' experience
  3. A Class 4 heavy vehicle driving licence for goods vehicles
  4. A taxi driver's vocational licence issued by a taxi company

Explanation

A PDVL applicant must hold a valid Class 3 or Class 3A driving licence, which is the class for motor cars. Other licence classes or vocational licences do not qualify an applicant on their own.

Question 9Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Where may a PDVL holder wait for a booking to come in?

  1. In an ordinary parking space or a public carpark Correct answer.
  2. Along a road marked with double yellow lines
  3. Inside a bus stop bay
  4. At any taxi stand, provided the engine is switched off

Explanation

Taxi stands and bus stops are reserved for taxis and buses, so a private hire car must not wait at them. A driver waiting for a booking should use an ordinary parking space or a public carpark.

Question 10Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A friend who does not hold a PDVL asks to borrow the private hire car to accept a few bookings. What should the driver do?

  1. Refuse, as only a PDVL holder may drive the car for hire Correct answer.
  2. Lend the car, as long as the bookings are made on the friend's app account
  3. Lend the car, since the vehicle's insurance covers all drivers
  4. Lend the car, provided the friend stays within Singapore

Explanation

A vocational licence is personal to its holder, and only a licensed driver may drive a private hire car for hire and reward. Lending the car to an unlicensed driver exposes both parties to prosecution.

Question 11Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Which of these is prohibited for a PDVL holder?

  1. Displaying the private hire car decal on the vehicle
  2. Calling out to pedestrians to solicit a paid ride Correct answer.
  3. Waiting for a booking while parked in a public carpark
  4. Accepting a booking made through a licensed ride-hail operator

Explanation

Touting for passengers on the street is an offence; every trip must come from a booking made through a licensed operator. A driver may not call out, gesture or otherwise solicit rides.

Question 12Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

The legal limit for alcohol in a driver's breath in Singapore is:

  1. 50 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath
  2. 20 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath
  3. 35 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath Correct answer.
  4. 80 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath

Explanation

The Road Traffic Act prescribes a breath limit of 35 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath, equivalent to 80 milligrammes per 100 millilitres of blood. Driving at or above the limit is an offence.

Question 13Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A driver is fully stopped at a red light and holds a phone to read a message. Considering only the handheld-device offence under section 65B of Singapore's Road Traffic Act, which statement is correct?

  1. The offence applies unless the engine has been switched off.
  2. A booking-related message is exempt even while the vehicle is moving.
  3. The stated stationary use does not meet the requirement that the vehicle be in motion. Correct answer.
  4. The offence applies whenever the driver holds a phone, even while fully stationary.

Explanation

The section 65B handheld-device offence requires the vehicle to be in motion as well as the relevant use and holding of the device. The fully stationary facts therefore do not establish that specific offence. This does not authorize distraction or careless driving, and the driver must put the phone down before moving.

Question 14Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A passenger boards with a child who is 1.2 m tall. What is required for the trip?

  1. The child may use the ordinary rear seat belt without any aid
  2. The child may stand between the rear seats and be held by an adult
  3. The child should sit in the front passenger seat beside the driver
  4. An approved child restraint or booster seat must be used Correct answer.

Explanation

Passengers below 1.35 m must be secured in an approved child restraint or booster seat suited to their height and weight. The driver must check this before starting the trip.

Question 15Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

After an accident in which someone is injured, the driver must:

  1. Continue the trip and report only if the injured person asks
  2. Stop, help the injured and report within 24 hours Correct answer.
  3. Inform the booking operator within seven working days
  4. Report only if the damage exceeds a fixed sum of money

Explanation

A driver involved in an accident causing injury must stop, render assistance and report the accident to the police within 24 hours. Leaving the scene or delaying the report is an offence.

Question 16Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Bookings accepted by a PDVL holder must be arranged through:

  1. The driver's own personal booking website
  2. Any chat group set up by the driver's friends
  3. Any taxi company operating in Singapore
  4. A ride-hail service operator licensed by LTA Correct answer.

Explanation

Private hire car services must be booked through a ride-hail service operator licensed by LTA under the point-to-point transport framework. Jobs arranged through informal channels are not lawful.

Question 17Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Which statement about smoking inside a private hire car while carrying a passenger is correct?

  1. It is allowed if all the windows are wound down
  2. It is allowed if the passenger gives permission
  3. It is prohibited by law at all times Correct answer.
  4. It is allowed only on trips longer than 30 minutes

Explanation

Taxis and private hire cars are designated smoke-free vehicles, so smoking inside one while carrying a passenger is an offence. The passenger's consent does not change this.

Question 18Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Before a car can be used to provide chauffeured private hire services, it must be:

  1. Registered with LTA as a private hire car Correct answer.
  2. Classified as a goods vehicle and fitted with a cargo box
  3. Converted into a taxi under a taxi operator's licence
  4. Registered and insured as a private car for personal use

Explanation

Only a car registered with LTA as a private hire car may be used to provide chauffeured hire services. The car must also display the private hire car decal and be covered by appropriate insurance.

Question 19Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder who changes his residential address must:

  1. Do nothing, as the licence stays valid at the old address
  2. Notify LTA so that the licence records can be updated Correct answer.
  3. Surrender the licence and retake the test
  4. Apply for a new photograph on the licence at once

Explanation

A licence holder must keep LTA informed of a change of residential address so that renewal notices, suspension orders and other official correspondence reach him.

Question 20Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

An applicant leaves out a medical condition when applying for a PDVL. What is the likely consequence?

  1. A small administrative fee is payable
  2. The licence may be refused, suspended or revoked Correct answer.
  3. Nothing, as medical conditions are not part of the application
  4. The licence is valid because the condition was not declared as serious

Explanation

An applicant must declare all relevant medical conditions; a false or incomplete declaration can lead to the licence being refused, suspended or revoked, and may itself be an offence.

Question 21Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A driver's PDVL expired two days ago and he has not renewed it. A booking request comes in. What should he do?

  1. Accept it but ask the passenger to pay cash
  2. Accept it and renew the licence the next time he is free
  3. Accept it, since the licence only lapses after 30 days
  4. Decline it and renew the licence before driving Correct answer.

Explanation

A private hire car may only be driven for hire while the PDVL is valid. Once it expires, all driving for hire must stop until the licence is renewed, and accepting a booking in the meantime is an offence.

Question 22Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder is convicted in court of a serious driving offence. What may LTA do?

  1. Increase the driver's vehicle insurance premium
  2. Suspend or revoke the vocational licence Correct answer.
  3. Take no action, as the court has already imposed a penalty
  4. Transfer the licence to another member of the driver's family

Explanation

LTA may suspend or revoke a vocational licence when the holder is convicted of a serious offence, in addition to whatever penalty the court imposes. The court's sentence and the licensing action are separate matters.

Question 23Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder is offered payment to ferry passengers using a relative's car that is registered as a private car. What is the correct position?

  1. It is allowed, since the driver already holds a valid PDVL for cars
  2. It is allowed, provided the relative travels along as the car owner
  3. Not allowed; the car is not a registered private hire car Correct answer.
  4. It is allowed, provided every trip is booked through a licensed app

Explanation

Chauffeured hire services may only be provided with a car registered as a private hire car and insured for that use. Using a privately registered car for paid trips is an offence even if the driver holds a valid PDVL.

Question 24Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A driver whose licence has been suspended under the demerit point system continues to accept bookings. Which statement is correct?

  1. He commits an offence and may be prosecuted in court Correct answer.
  2. He may drive only if a licensed driver sits beside him
  3. He may drive only during off-peak hours
  4. No offence is committed until the period ends

Explanation

Driving while the licence is suspended is an offence under the Road Traffic Act, whether the suspension arises from demerit points or vocational licence action. The driver may be prosecuted and face further disqualification.

Question 25Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A private hire car has seat belts for the driver and four passengers. Five passengers want to board for a trip. What should the driver do?

  1. Refuse to carry more passengers than there are seat belts Correct answer.
  2. Carry all five if the trip is shorter than 10 kilometres
  3. Carry all five, with the smallest passenger seated on a lap
  4. Carry all five if the extra passenger pays a higher fare

Explanation

Every occupant must be properly restrained, so a car may not carry more people than it has seat belts. Carrying an extra passenger unseated and unbelted is an offence regardless of the fare paid or the length of the trip.

Question 26Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

What is the minimum age at which a person may apply for a Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence (PDVL) in Singapore?

  1. 23 years
  2. 18 years
  3. 20 years
  4. 21 years Correct answer.

Explanation

A PDVL applicant must be at least 21 years old. This minimum age applies in addition to the driving licence, medical and test requirements.

Question 27Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Before applying for a PDVL, an applicant must have held a valid Class 3 or 3A driving licence for at least how long?

  1. 2 years
  2. 1 year Correct answer.
  3. 3 months
  4. 6 months

Explanation

The applicant must have held a valid Class 3 or 3A driving licence for at least one year before applying. This ensures a minimum period of driving experience.

Question 28Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

How long is a PDVL normally valid before it must be renewed?

  1. 3 years Correct answer.
  2. 1 year
  3. 6 months
  4. 5 years

Explanation

A PDVL is normally valid for three years. The holder must renew it before expiry to continue driving a private hire car for hire or reward.

Question 29Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A person who drives a private hire car for hire or reward without a valid PDVL is:

  1. permitted if the car is insured
  2. committing an offence Correct answer.
  3. required to apply within 7 days
  4. permitted if the trip is short

Explanation

A valid PDVL is required before a person may drive a private hire car for hire or reward. Driving without one is an offence under the vocational licensing rules.

Question 30Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

While driving a private hire car, a PDVL holder is asked by an authorised LTA officer to show his vocational licence. What must he do?

  1. Produce it within 7 days
  2. Ask a colleague to bring it
  3. Produce the licence Correct answer.
  4. Tell the officer to check later

Explanation

A PDVL holder must produce his vocational licence for inspection when requested by an authorised officer. The licence is a personal document that must be available for checking.

Question 31Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A private hire car carrying passengers for hire must be covered by insurance that:

  1. covers hired passengers Correct answer.
  2. covers only property damage
  3. covers only the driver
  4. is optional if fare is cash

Explanation

The vehicle must be insured for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward. This protects passengers and is a condition for using the car as a private hire car.

Question 32Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder is driving along a road when a pedestrian waves for a ride. What should the driver do?

  1. Stop if the pedestrian is elderly
  2. Stop and negotiate the fare
  3. Continue driving Correct answer.
  4. Stop and accept without a booking

Explanation

Private hire cars may not be hailed on the street; passengers must be accepted through a booking. The driver should continue driving and not pick up the pedestrian.

Question 33Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder lends his vocational licence to a friend so that the friend can drive a private hire car. This is:

  1. not allowed; it is personal Correct answer.
  2. allowed for one day only
  3. allowed if the friend has a Class 3 licence
  4. allowed if the friend pays a fee

Explanation

A PDVL is personal to the holder and cannot be lent or transferred to another person. The friend would also need his own valid PDVL to drive for hire.

Question 34Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder wants to drive a taxi to earn extra income. What does he need?

  1. Nothing; PDVL covers taxis
  2. A taxi vocational licence Correct answer.
  3. A taxi company permit
  4. Only a Class 3 licence

Explanation

A PDVL covers private hire cars, not taxis. Driving a taxi requires a separate Taxi Driver's Vocational Licence (TDVL).

Question 35Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

Before a PDVL is issued, the applicant must pass a medical examination to show that he:

  1. has no outstanding fines
  2. owns a private hire car
  3. has driven 100 hours
  4. is fit to drive Correct answer.

Explanation

PDVL applicants must be medically fit to drive. The medical examination helps ensure that the applicant does not have a condition that would make driving for hire unsafe.

Question 36Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

LTA may refuse to issue a PDVL if the applicant has:

  1. a medical certificate of fitness
  2. a clean driving record
  3. a valid Class 3 licence
  4. a serious criminal record Correct answer.

Explanation

LTA considers an applicant's criminal record as part of the PDVL application. A serious criminal record may lead to the application being refused.

Question 37Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

To obtain a PDVL, an applicant must pass which test?

  1. Basic Theory Test
  2. Final Theory Test
  3. Taxi practical test
  4. PDVL test Correct answer.

Explanation

An applicant must pass the Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence test, commonly called the PDVL test. The Basic and Final Theory Tests relate to obtaining an ordinary driving licence.

Question 38Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL is issued subject to conditions. If a holder breaches a condition of the licence, LTA may:

  1. suspend or cancel it Correct answer.
  2. convert it to a taxi licence
  3. issue a warning only
  4. increase seating capacity

Explanation

LTA may suspend or cancel a PDVL if the holder breaches a licence condition. The vocational licence remains subject to LTA's regulatory control.

Question 39Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A PDVL holder lets a friend who has no PDVL drive the private hire car to pick up a booked passenger. Who may be liable for an offence?

  1. Only the friend
  2. Neither of them
  3. Only the PDVL holder
  4. Both of them Correct answer.

Explanation

The friend may be liable for driving a private hire car for hire without a PDVL. The PDVL holder may also be liable for permitting an unlicensed person to drive the vehicle for that purpose.

Question 40Rules and Regulations (Road Traffic Act and vocational licence requirements)

A court disqualifies a PDVL holder from holding or obtaining a driving licence for two years. What is the effect on his ability to drive a private hire car?

  1. He may continue if a passenger holds a PDVL
  2. He must not drive while disqualified Correct answer.
  3. He may drive if his PDVL is unexpired
  4. He may drive only at night

Explanation

A court disqualification prohibits the person from driving during the disqualification period. An unexpired PDVL does not override the court order.

Question 41Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

What do double yellow lines painted along the edge of the road mean?

  1. Reserved lane for buses
  2. No parking during peak hours only
  3. Parking allowed for up to five minutes
  4. No parking at any time Correct answer.

Explanation

Double yellow lines along the kerb prohibit parking at any time of day or night. They are placed where a clear road is needed, such as near junctions and bus stops.

Question 42Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

A traffic sign in the shape of an octagon with the word STOP tells you to

  1. come to a complete stop at the stop line Correct answer.
  2. slow down and continue if the road is clear
  3. stop only when pedestrians are crossing
  4. give way only to vehicles coming from the right

Explanation

An octagon is used only for the Stop sign so that it can be recognised even when partly obscured. You must come to a complete halt at the stop line and give way before moving off.

Question 43Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

An inverted triangle sign with a red border means

  1. stop completely and wait for a green light
  2. give way to traffic on the major road Correct answer.
  3. no entry for motor vehicles
  4. the road ahead is closed to all traffic

Explanation

The inverted triangle with a red border is the Give Way sign. Slow down, check the road you are joining, and give way to traffic already on it before entering.

Question 44Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

A red circle with a white horizontal bar in the middle is the sign for

  1. no entry Correct answer.
  2. no stopping
  3. road closed for repairs
  4. one-way traffic ahead

Explanation

The red circle with a white horizontal bar is the No Entry sign. It means you must not drive past it in the direction it faces.

Question 45Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

A circular sign with a red border and the number 50 in black means

  1. the maximum speed is 50 km/h Correct answer.
  2. the road is 50 metres ahead
  3. the minimum speed is 50 km/h
  4. vehicles above 50 km/h are banned from the lane

Explanation

Circular signs with a red border give orders or limits. The number inside this sign is the maximum permitted speed in km/h for the road.

Question 46Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

When the traffic light turns red, you must stop

  1. on the pedestrian crossing if the road is clear
  2. only if a pedestrian is waiting to cross
  3. after checking for oncoming traffic
  4. behind the stop line Correct answer.

Explanation

A red light requires a complete stop behind the stop line, or behind the crossing where no line is marked. You stay stopped until the signal allows you to proceed.

Question 47Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

A broken white line in the centre of the road means you may

  1. never cross it under any circumstances
  2. park on it for short periods
  3. cross it only when a traffic warden signals you to do so
  4. cross it to overtake when it is safe to do so Correct answer.

Explanation

A broken centre line may be crossed to overtake, turn or change lanes when it is safe. A continuous line, by contrast, must not be crossed.

Question 48Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

At a signalised pedestrian crossing, the green man means

  1. vehicles may proceed through the crossing
  2. pedestrians must not start to cross
  3. the crossing is out of order
  4. pedestrians may cross the road Correct answer.

Explanation

The green man gives pedestrians the right to cross. Drivers facing a red light must remain stopped and let them finish crossing.

Question 49Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

Where two continuous white lines are painted along the centre of the road, you

  1. may cross them to overtake a slow-moving lorry
  2. must not cross or straddle them Correct answer.
  3. may cross them to turn right into a side road only
  4. may cross them when traffic is light

Explanation

Two continuous white lines form a solid barrier that must not be crossed or straddled. This applies even when the road is clear or when you wish to enter premises.

Question 50Traffic Signs, Signals and Road Markings

One of the two centre lines is broken and the other is continuous. You may cross them

  1. only during off-peak hours
  2. only when the broken line is on your side Correct answer.
  3. at any point provided no other vehicle is in sight
  4. only when the continuous line is on your side

Explanation

Where one line of a double white line is broken, the line nearest you governs your side. If the broken line is on your side you may cross when it is safe; if the continuous line is on your side you may not.