EFVV Ukraine flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Zoonosis
- An infectious disease naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans, such as rabies, brucellosis, leptospirosis or salmonellosis. Control requires coordinated veterinary and public health action.
- Case fatality rate
- The proportion of affected animals that die from a disease, calculated as deaths divided by confirmed cases. It differs from mortality, which uses the whole population at risk.
- Notifiable disease
- A disease whose suspicion must be reported to the state veterinary service by law, enabling official control measures. Examples include anthrax, rabies and African swine fever.
- Rumen fermentation
- Microbial breakdown of dietary carbohydrates in the rumen, producing volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate) that supply most of the ruminant's energy needs.
- Eructation
- The reflex expulsion of fermentation gas from the rumen through the oesophagus. Failure of eructation leads to ruminal tympany (bloat), a life-threatening condition.
- Nephron
- The functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and a tubule. It filters plasma and reabsorbs or secretes solutes to produce urine.
- Sliding filament mechanism
- The process of muscle contraction in which actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere after calcium binds to troponin.
- Volume of distribution
- A pharmacokinetic parameter calculated as dose divided by plasma concentration. It estimates the apparent space into which a drug distributes in the body.
- Half-life
- The time required for plasma drug concentration to fall by half. It is calculated as 0.693 times volume of distribution divided by clearance.
- Withdrawal period
- The legally required interval between the last administration of a veterinary drug and slaughter or milk collection, ensuring residues fall below the maximum residue limit.
- Atropine antidote
- Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors and reverses salivation, bradycardia and miosis in organophosphate or carbamate poisoning, but does not reverse neuromuscular signs.
- African swine fever
- A highly contagious viral haemorrhagic disease of pigs with very high mortality. No effective vaccine exists, so control relies on culling and strict movement restrictions.
- Anthrax
- A bacterial zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis, presenting as sudden death with dark non-clotting blood. Carcasses are not opened because spores form on exposure to air.
- Mastitis
- Inflammation of the mammary gland, usually bacterial, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae or Escherichia coli. Somatic cell count is the main herd indicator.
- Ketosis in dairy cows
- A metabolic disorder of early lactation caused by negative energy balance, with anorexia, reduced milk yield and ketone odour on the breath.
- Colostrum
- The first milk secreted after parturition, rich in immunoglobulins. Calves should receive it within the first hours of life to acquire passive immunity.
- Five freedoms
- A welfare framework covering freedom from hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain and disease, fear and distress, and freedom to express normal behaviour.
- Stereotypy
- A repetitive, invariant behaviour pattern with no obvious function, such as crib-biting or weaving, often indicating poor welfare or inadequate housing conditions.
- HACCP
- Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points: a systematic preventive food safety system that identifies hazards and establishes control at critical points in production.
- Meat inspection
- The ante-mortem and post-mortem examination of slaughtered animals, including lymph nodes and organs, to determine fitness of the carcass for human consumption.
- Maximum residue limit
- The maximum concentration of a veterinary drug residue legally permitted in food of animal origin, set on the basis of toxicological assessment and dietary exposure.
- Pasteurisation of milk
- Heat treatment of milk to destroy pathogenic bacteria such as those causing tuberculosis, brucellosis and salmonellosis, while largely preserving nutritional quality.
- Law on Veterinary Medicine
- Ukrainian legislation regulating veterinary practice, defining the state veterinary service, its powers, and the duties and responsibilities of veterinary professionals.
- Informed consent
- The owner's agreement to a procedure after being given adequate information about its purpose, risks, alternatives and costs. It is a core ethical requirement.
- Prescription-only medicine
- A veterinary medicinal product that may be supplied only on the prescription of an authorised veterinarian, with record-keeping and dispensing rules applying.
- Animal welfare legislation
- Laws prohibiting unnecessary suffering and setting standards for housing, transport, and humane slaughter of animals, enforced by competent authorities.
- ABC triage
- An emergency prioritisation sequence: Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Life-threatening problems are addressed first, with fluid resuscitation before definitive treatment.
- Fluid therapy deficit
- The estimated volume of fluid lost before treatment, calculated from body weight and percentage dehydration, and replaced alongside maintenance and ongoing losses.
- Surgical asepsis
- The set of practices preventing microbial contamination of a surgical site, including sterile instruments, sterile gloves, skin preparation and a clean environment.
- Culture and sensitivity
- A laboratory test identifying the causative bacterium and the antimicrobials to which it is susceptible, guiding targeted antibiotic choice and limiting resistance.
- Capillary refill time
- The time taken for colour to return to a blanched mucous membrane after pressure, used as a quick bedside indicator of peripheral perfusion.
- Euthanasia
- A humane method of ending an animal's life that causes rapid loss of consciousness followed by death, avoiding pain and distress.