Load Handling, Stability, Lifting Capacities and Attachments
The stability triangle and the load centre
A counterbalance truck is supported at three points, forming a stability triangle. The centre of gravity of the truck plus load must stay inside that triangle. Raising the load, tilting the mast forward, travelling with the load high, or turning while loaded all move the combined centre of gravity toward the edge of the triangle and risk tipping. The load centre is the horizontal distance from the face of the forks to the centre of gravity of the load; the data plate capacity applies at that stated distance, usually 500 mm or 600 mm.
Safe load handling
Approach the load squarely, with the forks level and at the correct height, spread as wide as the load allows, and fully inserted. Lift clear, tilt back slightly to stabilise, and travel with the load low (typically around 150–200 mm above the floor) and the mast tilted back. Never lift people on the forks unless a properly designed and secured working platform is used and the operation is authorised. Never exceed the rated capacity; check the load is stable, secured and within the truck's limits.
Attachments
Attachments (clamps, rotators, extension forks, jibs) add weight and move the load centre forward, reducing net capacity - always use the attachment's rating plate.
Traps
Common traps: answering that a heavier counterweight allows any load; forgetting that tilting forward with a raised load reduces stability; and believing the load should be carried high for visibility. Also expect questions on carrying a load that blocks forward view - travel in reverse (where safe and permitted) or use a spotter.
Rule of thumb
"Low, tilted back, and inside the triangle" - keep the load low, mast tilted back, and never turn sharply with a raised load.