ILEARN Biology ECA study plan

Define the four macromolecule classes, naming the monomer, one function, and one food or cellular example for each.

Label a blank cell diagram from memory with at least 10 organelles and write a one-sentence function for each label.

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells across six features: nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, typical size, DNA form, ribosomes, and examples.

Explain how enzyme shape determines function, then predict the effect of a temperature or pH change on reaction rate.

Distinguish diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport by predicting the direction of particle movement in three described scenarios.

Write the summary equations for photosynthesis and aerobic respiration and state the organelle and location where each stage occurs.

Sequence the stages of mitosis in order and describe one key event per stage.

Explain how repeated cell division plus differentiation produces specialized tissue, using one plant and one animal example.

Model DNA structure by drawing and labeling a single nucleotide and a four-base-pair segment, including hydrogen bonds and the 5' to 3' direction.

Describe semi-conservative replication in five ordered steps, naming the roles of helicase, polymerase, and ligase.

Transcribe a given 12-base DNA sequence into mRNA, then translate it into an amino acid chain using a codon chart.

Predict how a substitution, an insertion, and a deletion mutation each change the resulting protein, ranking them by severity.

Solve 15 crosses, including incomplete dominance and codominance, and report both genotype and phenotype ratios for each.

Trace a trait through a three-generation pedigree and justify whether it is dominant or recessive and autosomal or sex-linked using specific evidence.

Compare mitosis and meiosis on a table covering purpose, number of divisions, chromosome number, crossing over, and genetic variation produced.

Re-teach your two weakest sub-topics from Domains 1 and 2 by rewriting every missed quiz question with the correct reasoning.

State the four principles of natural selection and apply all four to one scenario, such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Distinguish homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures and explain what each type reveals about ancestry.

Interpret fossil, embryological, and DNA-sequence evidence together to argue for common descent.

Explain how allele frequencies shift under natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation.

Define biological species and contrast allopatric with sympatric speciation, giving one example of each.

Classify reproductive isolating mechanisms as temporal, behavioral, geographic, or genetic, and explain how each blocks gene flow.

Read a cladogram to identify common ancestors, shared derived traits, and which of two species is more closely related.

Use a dichotomous key and the three-domain classification system to place six unfamiliar organisms into groups.

Trace energy flow through a four-level food web and calculate available energy at each trophic level using the 10% rule.

Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles, labeling two major reservoirs and two processes for each cycle.

Distinguish primary from secondary succession and predict the sequence of community change after a described disturbance.

Interpret exponential and logistic growth curves, identifying carrying capacity and at least three limiting factors.

Categorize six symbiotic relationships as mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism and justify each choice.

Evaluate how invasive species, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change each reduce biodiversity or ecosystem stability.

Complete one full-length timed practice exam covering all four domains under test-day conditions.

Compile a one-page review sheet of your 20 most-missed concepts and recite them aloud without notes.