VT Pesticide Applicator flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- FIFRA
- Federal law governing pesticide registration, labeling, distribution, and use; EPA administers it, and states may impose stricter rules but not weaker ones.
- Restricted-use pesticide
- A pesticide that may be applied only by or under direct supervision of a certified applicator because it poses unreasonable risk to humans or the environment.
- Vermont Agency of Agriculture
- The Vermont agency that administers pesticide applicator certification, licensing, enforcement, and pesticide-related complaints under state law.
- Re-entry interval (REI)
- The label-specified time after a pesticide application during which workers may not enter the treated area without required personal protective equipment.
- Preharvest interval (PHI)
- The minimum number of days between pesticide application and harvest of the crop, set to keep residues below the EPA tolerance.
- Direct supervision
- Requirement for restricted-use pesticide use by a noncertified person working under a certified applicator who is physically present and responsible for the application.
- Pesticide tolerance
- The maximum residue level of a pesticide allowed in or on food, established by EPA and enforced by FDA and USDA.
- Economic injury level
- The pest density at which the cost of control equals the value of crop damage prevented; treatment is justified above this level.
- Sprayer calibration
- Measuring nozzle output and travel speed to determine gallons per acre applied so pesticide rates match the label.
- Pesticide resistance
- Inherited ability of a pest population to survive a pesticide dose that would kill susceptible individuals; managed by rotating modes of action.
- Mode of action
- The biochemical process by which a pesticide kills or inhibits a pest; grouping by mode helps rotate chemistries and slow resistance.
- Drift
- Off-target movement of pesticide droplets, particles, or vapor during or after application; reduced by coarse droplets, low pressure, and buffers.
- Temperature inversion
- Weather condition where air temperature increases with height, trapping pesticide aerosols near the ground and increasing drift risk.
- Seed treatment
- Applying pesticide to seeds before planting to protect germinating seedlings; pollinator and wildlife precautions on the seed bag label apply.
- Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
- A biological insecticide toxic to caterpillars; most effective when applied to early instars and before larvae enter protected feeding sites.
- Emerald ash borer
- An invasive beetle whose larvae kill ash trees; managed with trunk injections of emamectin benzoate or soil-applied imidacloprid.
- Hemlock woolly adelgid
- An invasive aphid-like insect killing hemlock; treated with horticultural oil, insecticidal soap, or systemic imidacloprid.
- Basal bark treatment
- Applying herbicide in oil to the lower 12–18 inches of a woody stem for control of small-diameter trees and brush.
- Cut-stump treatment
- Applying herbicide to the freshly cut cambium ring of a stump to prevent resprouting of woody plants.
- Aerial application
- Applying pesticides from an aircraft; requires a certified aerial applicator, precise swath control, and attention to buffers and drift.
- Spongy moth
- An invasive defoliator of hardwood forests; controlled with Bt kurstaki, tebufenozide, or diflubenzuron timed to early larval stages.
- Preemergence herbicide
- Applied before weed seeds germinate, forming a soil barrier; timing often based on soil temperature or growing degree days.
- Phytotoxicity
- Herbicide or pesticide injury to desirable plants, causing leaf burn, distortion, stunting, or death; worsened by drift and volatility.
- FRAC group
- A number-letter code grouping fungicides by mode of action; rotating FRAC groups reduces resistance development.
- Horticultural oil
- Refined petroleum or plant oil sprayed on ornamentals to smother insects and eggs; apply at label temperature limits to avoid injury.
- Granular spreader calibration
- Determining product weight delivered per 1,000 square feet by collecting granules over a measured distance and adjusting the setting.
- Growing degree day
- A heat accumulation measure used to predict pest emergence and time preemergence or insecticide applications in turf and ornamentals.
- NPDES pesticide permit
- Clean Water Act permit required for certain aquatic pesticide applications to waters of the United States; Vermont may add state permit conditions.
- Aquatic herbicide
- A pesticide registered for use in water; only EPA-approved aquatic formulations and surfactants may be applied to ponds, lakes, or streams.
- Larvicide
- A pesticide targeting immature mosquitoes or other aquatic pests; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is used in catch basins and wetlands.
- Right-of-way application
- Pesticide use on roadsides, railways, and utility corridors; drift to adjacent crops and water must be prevented by buffers and timing.
- Structural fumigation
- Sealing a building and releasing a toxic gas to eliminate pests; requires a certified fumigator, placards, and clearance before reentry.