WA Master Esthetician flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Fitzpatrick type I
- Always burns, never tans; very fair skin, blue or green eyes, freckles. Highest UV sensitivity and photodamage risk, but lowest risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Glogau photoaging scale
- Photoaging classification with four grades: I mild and no wrinkles, II wrinkles in motion only, III wrinkles at rest, IV severe with total facial involvement.
- Wood's lamp
- UVA analysis device emitting about 365 nm; coral-red fluorescence indicates porphyrins from Cutibacterium acnes, yellow indicates sebum, brown indicates melanin.
- Informed consent elements
- A documented discussion of risks, benefits, alternatives, expected downtime, and aftercare, confirmed by the client's signature and date before treatment begins.
- Stratum basale
- Deepest epidermal layer where keratinocytes divide and melanocytes reside; melanin made here is transferred to surrounding keratinocytes through melanosomes.
- Acid mantle
- Thin film on the skin surface with a pH of about 4.5 to 5.5 that supports barrier lipid production and limits growth of pathogenic bacteria.
- Dermal collagen
- Type I collagen predominates in the reticular dermis and provides tensile strength, while elastin supplies recoil and glycosaminoglycans bind water.
- Wound healing phases
- Hemostasis, then inflammation during days 1 to 3, then proliferation with granulation tissue on days 3 to 21, then remodeling that may continue a year.
- Glycolic acid
- Smallest alpha hydroxy acid at roughly 76 Da, giving the fastest AHA penetration; water-soluble, sugar-cane derived, and requiring a neutralizing agent.
- Salicylic acid
- Lipid-soluble beta hydroxy acid that is keratolytic and penetrates sebum-filled follicles; self-limiting with no neutralizer and contraindicated in aspirin allergy.
- Free acid
- The un-ionized portion of an acid available to react with skin; it increases as pH drops below the molecule's pKa, driving peel strength.
- Transepidermal water loss
- Movement of water from the dermis through the stratum corneum to the environment; elevated in damaged barriers and reduced by occlusives such as petrolatum.
- Jessner's solution
- Superficial-to-medium peeling formula containing resorcinol 14%, salicylic acid 14%, and lactic acid 14% in an ethanol base, often layered with TCA.
- Frosting
- Blanching of skin during a peel caused by protein coagulation; it is an endpoint marker for medium and deep peels, not for superficial peels.
- Glycolic neutralization
- Sodium bicarbonate or a water-based neutralizer raises pH and halts acid activity; application time and visible endpoint must still be monitored closely.
- Salicylism
- Systemic salicylate toxicity producing tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and rapid breathing; stop the peel, remove product, and obtain urgent medical care.
- Selective photothermolysis
- Principle in which a chromophore absorbs a specific wavelength and is damaged when pulse duration is at or below its thermal relaxation time, sparing adjacent tissue.
- Intense pulsed light
- Non-coherent, polychromatic light typically covering 500 to 1200 nm, filtered to target pigment or vascular chromophores in the skin.
- 1064 nm Nd:YAG
- Laser wavelength poorly absorbed by epidermal melanin, making it comparatively safer for darker phototypes and useful for vascular and hair-removal targets.
- Thermal relaxation time
- Time required for a target structure to dissipate half its absorbed heat; pulses longer than this let heat spread and damage surrounding tissue.
- Microneedling depths
- 0.25 to 0.5 mm affects the epidermis and aids product delivery; 1.0 to 1.5 mm or deeper reaches the dermis for scars and wrinkles.
- Collagen induction therapy
- Controlled micro-injury from fine needles triggers release of growth factors and new collagen III that later matures into stronger collagen I.
- Microdermabrasion contraindications
- Avoid over active acne, rosacea with telangiectasia, thin fragile skin, and open lesions; the procedure removes only superficial stratum corneum.
- Disinfection
- Chemical process that destroys most pathogenic microorganisms on non-porous surfaces and implements, but does not necessarily eliminate bacterial spores.
- Autoclave cycle
- Steam sterilization at 121°C (250°F) and 15 psi for 15 to 20 minutes, with efficacy confirmed by biological spore testing.
- Standard precautions
- Treating all blood, body fluids, and non-intact skin as potentially infectious, using gloves, hand hygiene, and barriers with every client.
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
- Darkening at a treated or injured site from excess melanin; most common in Fitzpatrick III to VI and managed with sunscreen and tyrosinase inhibitors.
- Isotretinoin washout
- Standard practice of waiting about six months after the last dose before chemical peels or mechanical resurfacing, because healing and barrier function are impaired.
- Keloid
- Raised scar that extends beyond the boundary of the original wound; a contraindication to resurfacing in that area and requiring physician referral.
- Washington esthetician hours
- State training requirements are 750 clock hours for the esthetician license and 1,200 clock hours for the master esthetician license.
- RCW 18.16
- Washington statute governing cosmetology, barbering, esthetics, and manicuring, including licensing requirements, scope of practice, and disciplinary authority.
- Scope of practice
- The set of services a licensee is legally permitted to perform; exceeding it is unlicensed practice and grounds for discipline even with client consent.