WY Pesticide Applicator flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

FIFRA

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the federal law governing pesticide registration, labeling, and use, enforced by EPA and by delegated state lead agencies such as the Wyoming Department of Agriculture.

Restricted-use pesticide

A pesticide that may be applied only by, or under the direct supervision of, a certified applicator because of potential human health or environmental hazards identified at registration.

Private applicator

A certified applicator who applies or supervises restricted-use pesticides on land they own or rent for producing an agricultural commodity, rather than applying for hire.

Section 24(c) registration

A special local need registration that lets a state register an additional use of a federally registered pesticide to address a pest problem that exists only in that state.

Signal word

A word on the label showing relative acute toxicity: DANGER or DANGER-POISON for Category I, WARNING for Category II, and CAUTION for Categories III and IV.

Restricted-entry interval

The minimum time after a pesticide application during which workers may not enter the treated area without the label-specified protective equipment or an allowed exception.

SDS Section 8

The Safety Data Sheet section that lists exposure controls and personal protection, including occupational exposure limits, engineering controls, and the protective equipment recommended for handling.

Directions for use

The label section giving application rates, sites, timing, methods, and restrictions; applying a product inconsistently with these directions is a violation of federal law.

Economic threshold

The pest population density at which control measures should begin so the population does not reach the economic injury level, where loss exceeds control cost.

Integrated pest management

A decision framework that combines pest identification, monitoring, action thresholds, and biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical tactics to suppress pests with the least overall risk.

Pesticide resistance

The inherited ability of individuals in a pest population to survive a pesticide dose that would control susceptible members, developing after repeated selection pressure from one mode of action.

Disease triangle

The concept that plant disease requires a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and favorable environmental conditions; removing any one of these three factors prevents disease development.

Emulsifiable concentrate

A liquid formulation containing pesticide, organic solvent, and emulsifier that mixes with water to form a milky emulsion; the solvent can injure foliage and soften plastic or painted surfaces.

Wettable powder

A dry formulation of pesticide and inert carriers that forms a suspension in water, requires continuous agitation to stay mixed, and can leave visible residue on treated crops.

Jar test

A small-scale mixing test using the actual carrier water and intended products in the correct proportions to detect incompatibility before a full spray tank is prepared.

Tank-mix order

The standard sequence for adding products to a partly filled tank: wettable powders, flowables, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, then surfactants, with agitation maintained between additions.

Chemical-resistant glove

A glove made of materials such as nitrile, butyl, neoprene, or PVC that resist penetration by pesticide products; leather and cloth gloves absorb and hold pesticides and are not acceptable.

Respirator fit test

An annual check verifying that a tight-fitting respirator seals against the wearer's face, required before use and repeated when facial conditions or the respirator model change.

Cholinesterase monitoring

A blood test measuring the enzyme inhibited by organophosphate and carbamate insecticides; baseline and periodic testing detect overexposure before serious poisoning symptoms appear.

Pesticide poisoning first aid

Move the victim to fresh air, remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with soap and water, flush exposed eyes, and follow the label or SDS first-aid section while contacting emergency help.

Broadcast GPA formula

Gallons per acre equals nozzle flow in gallons per minute multiplied by 5940, divided by the product of sprayer speed in mph and nozzle spacing in inches.

Nozzle pressure and flow

Flow through a spray nozzle changes with the square root of pressure: quadrupling pressure doubles flow, and doubling pressure raises flow by about 1.41 times.

1/128-acre method

A calibration shortcut in which 1/128 acre equals 340.3 square feet; the course length is 340.3 divided by swath width, and ounces collected per nozzle equal gallons per acre.

Band application rate

To convert a broadcast rate to a banded rate, multiply the broadcast gallons per acre by the band width and divide by the row spacing, using the same units.

Temperature inversion

An atmospheric condition in which air temperature increases with height, trapping small spray droplets near the ground and allowing them to move long distances off target.

Point-source contamination

Pollution that originates at a specific location such as a mixing and loading pad, rinse site, or spill area, rather than being spread across the treated field.

Herbicide carryover

Persistence of herbicide residue in soil at levels that injure a later sensitive crop, made worse by high application rates, low rainfall, and long soil persistence.

Backflow prevention

A device such as an air gap or check valve that stops pesticide mixture from siphoning backward into a well, municipal supply, or other water source during filling.

Triple rinse

A container-cleaning procedure of filling the empty container about one-quarter full, closing and shaking it, and pouring the rinse water into the spray tank, repeated three times.

Pesticide storage area

A locked, dry, ventilated space with secondary containment, warning signs, and absorbent materials, kept separate from food, feed, seed, and livestock.

Spill response sequence

Protect people first, stop the source of the release, contain it, protect drains and water, absorb the material, clean up, decontaminate, then report as required.

DOT hazard class

The transportation classification that determines required shipping papers and placards; many pesticide products ship as Class 6.1 toxic substances or Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous materials.