AAFCS CFCS (Composite) flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Object permanence

Piaget's understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight; it develops during the sensorimotor stage, roughly in the first two years of life.

Authoritative parenting

A parenting style combining high warmth with high, reasoned expectations and clear limits; it is associated with self-reliant, socially competent children.

Secure attachment

An attachment pattern in which an infant uses the caregiver as a safe base and is comforted on reunion; it follows consistently responsive caregiving.

Microsystem

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, the innermost layer of settings where the individual has direct face-to-face interaction, such as family and school.

Family life cycle

A developmental framework describing predictable stages families pass through, from launching single adults to childrearing, launching children, and later life.

Maillard reaction

Nonenzymatic browning between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, producing flavor and color; it is favored by heat, low moisture, and alkaline pH.

Starch gelatinization

The irreversible uptake of water by starch granules with heating, causing swelling and thickening; cooling afterward can cause retrogradation and syneresis.

Water activity

A measure of available water in food that supports microbial growth; values below about 0.85 generally inhibit bacterial growth and extend shelf life.

Emulsion

A dispersion of one liquid in another immiscible liquid, stabilized by an emulsifier; mayonnaise is oil-in-water and butter is water-in-oil.

Danger zone

The temperature range of roughly 4 to 60 degrees Celsius (40 to 140 Fahrenheit) where foodborne bacteria multiply fastest; perishable foods should be limited here.

AMDR

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range: adult guidelines of 45 to 65 percent of energy from carbohydrate, 20 to 35 percent from fat, and 10 to 35 percent from protein.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

The highest average daily nutrient intake unlikely to pose adverse health risk to nearly all individuals; it is used to guard against excessive intake.

Body mass index

A screening ratio of weight in kilograms to height in meters squared; adult categories are underweight below 18.5, normal 18.5 to 24.9, and obese at 30 or above.

Heme versus nonheme iron

Heme iron from animal tissue is absorbed more efficiently than plant nonheme iron; vitamin C enhances nonheme absorption while phytates and tannins inhibit it.

Opportunity cost

The value of the next-best alternative given up when resources are committed to one use; it underlies all resource allocation decisions.

Rule of 72

A shortcut estimating the years needed to double an investment by dividing 72 by the annual percentage rate of return.

Annual percentage rate

The cost of credit expressed as a yearly rate that includes interest and certain fees, allowing consumers to compare loan offers on a common basis.

Emergency fund

A reserve of liquid savings conventionally equal to three to six months of essential living expenses, held to cover income loss or unexpected costs.

Compound interest

Interest calculated on both principal and previously accumulated interest, following A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), producing faster growth than simple interest.

Principles of design

Organizing concepts applied to interiors: balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion and scale, and unity or harmony, used to arrange the elements of design.

Kitchen work triangle

The path linking sink, range, and refrigerator; the three legs should total roughly 13 to 26 feet for efficient workflow.

Universal design

Design usable by all people without adaptation, guided by principles including equitable use, flexibility, simple intuitive use, and tolerance for error.

Analogous color scheme

A color plan using hues adjacent to one another on the color wheel, producing harmonious, low-contrast interiors.

Burn test for fibers

A diagnostic test: cellulosic fibers burn like paper and leave ash, protein fibers smell of burning hair and form crushable beads, and synthetics melt.

Twill weave

A woven construction with warp or filling yarns crossing two or more at a time, producing a diagonal rib line; denim is a common example.

Fashion cycle

The progression of a style through introduction, rise, peak, decline, and obsolescence, driven by consumer acceptance and market saturation.

RevPAR

Revenue per available room, calculated as average daily rate multiplied by occupancy, or total room revenue divided by rooms available.

Yield management

A pricing strategy that adjusts room rates and inventory by forecast demand to maximize revenue per available room while balancing occupancy and rate.

Carrying capacity

The maximum number of visitors an area can sustain without unacceptable ecological, social, or infrastructure deterioration; a core concept in sustainable tourism.

Backward design

An instructional planning approach that first identifies desired results, then acceptable evidence of learning, and finally the learning activities.

Formative assessment

Assessment conducted during instruction to monitor learning and adjust teaching, in contrast to summative assessment, which evaluates achievement at the end.

Situational leadership

A leadership model matching directing, coaching, supporting, or delegating styles to followers' competence and commitment for a given task.

Conflict of interest

A situation in which personal, financial, or other interests could improperly influence professional judgment, requiring disclosure or recusal.