ABOI/ID flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Peri-implant mucositis definition

Bleeding and/or suppuration on gentle probing around an implant with no progressive bone loss beyond initial crestal remodeling. It is reversible with plaque control and debridement.

Peri-implantitis definition

Bleeding and/or suppuration on probing plus progressive bone loss beyond initial remodeling, often ≥2 mm or ≥3 threads from the implant shoulder. Requires active therapy.

Probing depth limitation

Probing depth alone does not diagnose peri-implant disease because tissue biotype and implant position affect readings. Bleeding, suppuration, and bone change are more reliable indicators.

Radiographic baseline timing

The reference radiograph for long-term comparison is taken at prosthesis delivery, not at implant placement, because crestal remodeling occurs during healing and loading.

Keratinized mucosa significance

Keratinized mucosa width under 2 mm is associated with more plaque accumulation, bleeding, and recession. It is a risk indicator rather than a diagnosis.

CBCT indications

CBCT is reserved for suspected vital structure proximity, ridge deficiency, pathology, or unexplained symptoms. It is not a routine screening tool for every implant.

Implant risk factors

Smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, history of periodontitis, parafunction, and poor oral hygiene increase failure and peri-implant disease risk and must be assessed preoperatively.

Implant failure signs

Mobility, rapidly progressive bone loss, suppuration unresponsive to therapy, and pain suggest implant failure or infection requiring urgent evaluation and possible removal.

Primary stability determinants

Primary stability depends on bone density and implant geometry. ISQ ≥70 or insertion torque ≥35 Ncm generally supports immediate or early loading protocols.

Loading timeline categories

Conventional loading occurs at 3 months mandible and 4-6 months maxilla; early loading 1 week to 2 months; immediate loading within 1 week of placement.

Inter-implant spacing rule

A minimum of 2 mm between adjacent implants and 1.5-2 mm between implant and adjacent tooth helps preserve crestal bone and support the interproximal papilla.

Sinus lift approach selection

Crestal osteotome approach suits limited residual height with adequate density; lateral window approach is used for severe pneumatization or residual height under 4-5 mm.

Guided bone regeneration requirements

GBR requires a barrier membrane plus graft, passive primary closure, and tension-free flap advancement. Membrane exposure risks graft contamination and loss.

Thermal injury prevention

Copious irrigation, sharp sequential drills, controlled speed, and intermittent drilling keep bone temperature below approximately 47°C to avoid necrosis and failure.

Inferior alveolar nerve margin

A 2 mm safety margin from the inferior alveolar canal is standard. CBCT measurement and surgical guides are used when proximity is close.

Immediate placement contraindications

Active infection, insufficient apical bone, and inability to achieve primary stability are contraindications to immediate implant placement after extraction.

Screw versus cement retention

Screw-retained restorations are preferred when access and angulation permit. Cement-retained are used for esthetics or unfavorable angulation but require meticulous cement removal.

Provisional occlusion rule

The provisional restoration should be out of occlusion in maximum intercuspation and excursive movements to protect the developing implant interface.

Impression timing

Final impressions are taken after confirming osseointegration, absence of symptoms, and soft tissue stability. Timing depends on healing and tissue maturation.

Emergence profile design

Custom abutments and emergence profiles should support peri-implant soft tissue and create cleansable contours that allow effective hygiene access.

Implant occlusal scheme

Use light centric contacts, eliminate working and non-working interferences, and avoid cantilevers that concentrate load on the implant and prosthesis.

Abutment screw torque

Abutment screws are typically tightened to 20-35 Ncm per manufacturer instructions and retightened after initial seating using a calibrated torque wrench.

Passive fit verification

An ill-fitting framework creates stress, screw loosening, and marginal bone loss. Verify fit with a single-screw test or radiograph before final delivery.

Retrievability principle

Implant-supported fixed prostheses should be retrievable where possible. Design screw access and document torque values for future maintenance and repair.

Maintenance interval selection

Recall every 3 months for high-risk patients such as smokers, periodontitis history, or poor hygiene; every 6 months for low-risk patients, adjusted by findings.

Probing force around implants

Use light force of approximately 0.25 N with a plastic or metal probe. Record probing depths, bleeding, and suppuration at every maintenance visit.

Mucositis versus peri-implantitis therapy

Peri-implant mucositis is reversible with nonsurgical debridement and improved hygiene. Peri-implantitis requires surgical or combined therapy and may not resolve.

Recall radiographic interval

Radiographs are taken at baseline, then every 1-2 years or when clinical changes appear. Compare to the delivery baseline for bone-level trends.

Peri-implant screening at recall

Screen for peri-implant disease at every recall because untreated mucositis can progress to peri-implantitis with irreversible bone loss.

Occlusal re-evaluation at recall

Recall visits should assess wear, screw loosening, and parafunctional overload. Adjust occlusal contacts as needed to protect the implant restoration.

Systemic risk reassessment

Smoking, diabetes, and medications causing xerostomia should be reassessed and managed at recall to reduce long-term failure and peri-implant disease risk.

Implant documentation

Record implant brand, lot number, torque values, and restoration type. This information is critical for managing future complications and maintenance.