ABOMS cheat sheet

Hemostasis: von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder; desmopressin raises factor VIII and vWF, but it is ineffective in type 3 disease.

Airway: Mallampati III–IV, thyromental distance <6 cm, and interincisor opening <3 cm each predict difficult direct laryngoscopy.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is indicated before invasive dental procedures in patients with prosthetic valves, prior endocarditis, or certain congenital heart disease.

Local anesthetic maximum doses (mg/kg with epinephrine): lidocaine 7, mepivacaine 6.6, bupivacaine 1.3, prilocaine 8; articaine 7 but 5 mg/kg in children under 4.

Odontogenic infections: Ludwig angina is a bilateral submandibular/sublingual cellulitis with airway risk; treat with airway control and broad-spectrum IV antibiotics plus drainage.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis: risk is highest with IV zoledronic acid and longer duration; drug holiday decisions weigh ongoing malignancy versus bone turnover.

Temporomandibular disorders: first-line management is conservative (education, soft diet, NSAIDs, physiotherapy) before arthrocentesis or surgical intervention.

Orthognathic surgery: Le Fort I osteotomy affects the maxilla; BSSO affects the mandible; genioplasty is a sliding osteotomy of the chin independent of occlusion.

Case presentation: state the diagnosis, supporting findings, differential, and management plan in that order; justify each decision with evidence or established guidelines.

Airway emergencies: in Ludwig angina, secure the airway before drainage; awake fiberoptic or tracheostomy may be required when edema limits intubation.

Oncology: any nonhealing oral ulcer >2–3 weeks, induration, or unexplained paresthesia warrants biopsy to exclude squamous cell carcinoma.

Trauma: mandibular fractures are managed by closed reduction with maxillomandibular fixation or open reduction with internal fixation depending on displacement and patient factors.

Orthognathic cases: document cephalometric analysis, model surgery, and VSP; discuss relapse, nerve injury, and airway risks in informed consent.

Medication-related osteonecrosis: stage by exposed bone, symptoms, and infection; conservative care for early stages, debridement or resection for advanced disease.

TMJ surgery: arthrocentesis and arthroscopy are less invasive options; open joint surgery is reserved for refractory internal derangement or ankylosis.

Sedation/anesthesia: ASA classification guides risk; ASA III–IV patients require careful preoperative optimization and monitoring during office-based procedures.