ABOMS flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Ludwig angina
- A rapidly spreading bilateral cellulitis of the submandibular and sublingual spaces that threatens the airway; treatment is airway control plus IV antibiotics and surgical drainage.
- Odontogenic infection spread
- Dental infections spread along fascial planes; maxillary teeth can involve the canine or buccal spaces, while mandibular molars often involve the submandibular or sublingual spaces.
- von Willebrand disease
- The most common inherited bleeding disorder; desmopressin is effective in types 1 and 2 but not type 3, which requires factor replacement.
- Infective endocarditis prophylaxis
- Antibiotics before invasive dental procedures are indicated for prosthetic valves, prior endocarditis, and certain congenital heart lesions, per current guidelines.
- Lidocaine maximum dose
- With epinephrine, the maximum recommended dose of lidocaine is approximately 7 mg/kg; calculate against patient weight before administering local anesthesia.
- Mallampati classification
- A bedside airway assessment graded I–IV by visibility of oropharyngeal structures; class III–IV suggests increased difficulty with direct laryngoscopy.
- Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis
- Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw presents as exposed bone; risk rises with IV zoledronic acid and prolonged therapy.
- Le Fort I osteotomy
- A maxillary osteotomy used in orthognathic surgery to reposition the maxilla; it can be advanced, impacted, or segmented for occlusal correction.
- Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy
- A mandibular osteotomy used to correct skeletal discrepancies; it permits advancement or setback and carries risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury.
- Genioplasty
- A sliding osteotomy of the chin used to correct chin position independent of occlusion; it can be combined with orthognathic procedures.
- TMJ conservative therapy
- First-line temporomandibular disorder management includes education, soft diet, NSAIDs, and physiotherapy before arthrocentesis or surgical options.
- Articaine pediatric dose
- Articaine with epinephrine is limited to about 7 mg/kg in adults but 5 mg/kg in children under age 4 due to immature metabolism.
- Squamous cell carcinoma warning
- An oral ulcer persisting beyond 2–3 weeks, induration, or unexplained paresthesia should prompt biopsy to rule out malignancy.
- Leukoplakia management
- A white patch that cannot be wiped off and has no identifiable cause; biopsy is warranted, especially with erythroplakia or induration.
- Mandibular fracture fixation
- Treatment is closed reduction with maxillomandibular fixation or open reduction with internal fixation, chosen by displacement, patient factors, and fracture pattern.
- Airway first in Ludwig angina
- Secure the airway before drainage; awake fiberoptic intubation or tracheostomy may be needed when edema limits conventional intubation.
- Cephalometric analysis
- A radiographic assessment of skeletal and dental relationships used in orthognathic planning; it guides osteotomy selection and predicts postoperative change.
- Virtual surgical planning
- Computer-based simulation of osteotomies and movements used in orthognathic surgery; it improves accuracy and guides splint or guide fabrication.
- MRONJ staging
- Medication-related osteonecrosis is staged by exposed bone, symptoms, and infection; early stages get conservative care, advanced stages may need resection.
- ASA classification
- A preoperative risk scale from I to IV; higher classes require optimization and careful monitoring during office-based sedation or anesthesia.
- Informed consent elements
- Consent must include diagnosis, proposed treatment, alternatives, and material risks such as nerve injury, relapse, bleeding, and infection.
- TMJ arthrocentesis
- A minimally invasive lavage of the temporomandibular joint used for internal derangement or limited opening; it is less invasive than open joint surgery.
- Case presentation order
- Present diagnosis, supporting findings, differential, and management plan in sequence, justifying each decision with evidence or established guidelines.
- Orthognathic relapse
- Postoperative skeletal change that can occur after orthognathic surgery; risk factors include condylar resorption, inadequate fixation, and poor compliance.
- Inferior alveolar nerve risk
- BSSO and third molar surgery carry risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury; document sensation and counsel patients preoperatively.
- Neck swelling red flags
- Rapidly expanding neck swelling, dysphagia, drooling, or stridor suggests deep space infection and demands urgent airway and surgical evaluation.
- Erythroplakia significance
- A red mucosal patch with high malignant potential; biopsy is mandatory because a substantial proportion harbor dysplasia or carcinoma.
- Maxillomandibular fixation
- Temporary wiring or splinting to hold the jaws in occlusion; used for closed reduction of fractures or as an adjunct after open reduction.
- Condylar resorption
- Progressive resorption of the mandibular condyle that can cause relapse and open bite after orthognathic surgery, especially in susceptible patients.
- Deep space infection drainage
- Surgical drainage of submandibular, sublingual, or fascial space collections is required in addition to antibiotics when an abscess is present.
- Preoperative airway assessment
- Evaluation of mouth opening, thyromental distance, Mallampati class, and neck mobility predicts difficulty with intubation and guides planning.
- Postoperative nerve documentation
- Record baseline and postoperative sensory testing after procedures near the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve to document function and counsel patients.