ABOS Surgery of the Hand flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Scaphoid proximal pole AVN

The scaphoid receives retrograde blood flow from the dorsal radial artery, so proximal-pole fractures have high avascular necrosis risk and often require screw fixation.

Bennett fracture deforming force

A Bennett fracture is an intra-articular base-of-thumb metacarpal fracture; the volar ulnar fragment stays with the anterior oblique ligament while the shaft is pulled by abductor pollicis longus.

Rolando fracture

A Rolando fracture is a comminuted intra-articular fracture of the first metacarpal base, often Y- or T-shaped; treatment usually requires open reduction and internal fixation or external fixation.

Mallet finger splint

A mallet finger is a terminal extensor tendon avulsion causing DIP extension lag; continuous DIP extension splinting for six to eight weeks is standard, with surgery for large fragments or subluxation.

Jersey finger

Jersey finger is an FDP avulsion from the distal phalanx, commonly the ring finger, causing inability to flex the DIP joint; surgical repair is needed.

Flexor zone II repair

Zone II flexor tendon injuries lie between the A1 pulley and FDS insertion; repair uses a core suture plus epitendinous suture with protected early motion to limit adhesions.

Compartment delta pressure

Compartment delta pressure equals diastolic blood pressure minus compartment pressure; a value below 30 mmHg suggests compartment syndrome and prompts fasciotomy.

Syndactyly release timing

Simple syndactyly is usually released at 12 to 18 months; border-digit syndactyly may be released earlier, and adjacent sides of one digit are not operated simultaneously.

Wassel classification

Wassel classification grades radial polydactyly by duplication level: I bifid distal phalanx, II duplicated distal phalanx, III bifid proximal phalanx, IV duplicated proximal phalanx, V bifid metacarpal, VI duplicated metacarpal, VII triphalangeal.

Pediatric trigger thumb

Pediatric trigger thumb presents as fixed IP flexion from a notched A1 pulley; observation is reasonable until about one year, then A1 pulley release is performed if persistent.

Blauth thumb hypoplasia

Blauth grades thumb hypoplasia I to V; grades IIIB, IV, and V have an unstable or absent carpometacarpal joint and are treated with index pollicization.

Seymour fracture

A Seymour fracture is a distal phalanx physeal fracture with nail-bed laceration; it is an open fracture requiring nail removal, nail-bed repair, reduction, and splinting.

Salter-Harris type II

Salter-Harris type II fractures pass through the physis and exit through the metaphysis; they are common and usually treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization if stable.

Dupuytren tabletop test

The tabletop test is positive when a Dupuytren patient cannot lay the palm flat on a table because of a pretendinous cord, indicating functional impairment.

Collagenase clostridium histolyticum

Collagenase clostridium histolyticum is injected into a Dupuytren cord to enzymatically disrupt collagen; finger extension is performed the next day, and tendon rupture is a risk.

Eaton stage thumb CMC

Eaton staging of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: stage I near-normal joint, II narrowing with osteophytes, III marked narrowing with sclerosis or cysts, IV scaphotrapezial involvement.

Vaughan-Jackson rupture

Vaughan-Jackson syndrome is rheumatoid extensor tendon rupture, usually of the ring and small fingers, from attrition over the distal ulna; treatment includes synovectomy, Darrach, or tendon transfer.

Gout crystals

Gout crystals are needle-shaped monosodium urate crystals that show negative birefringence under polarized light; they may appear in tophi or joint aspirates.

CPPD crystals

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease crystals are rhomboid and positively birefringent; they cause chondrocalcinosis and can mimic gout or osteoarthritis.

SLAC wrist

SLAC wrist is scapholunate advanced collapse after scapholunate ligament injury; the scaphoid rotates and arthritis progresses from radioscaphoid to capitolunate, treated by four-corner fusion or proximal row carpectomy.

Carpal tunnel release structure

Carpal tunnel release divides the transverse carpal ligament to decompress the median nerve; the recurrent motor branch and superficial palmar arch must be protected.

Cubital tunnel transposition

Anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is considered for cubital tunnel syndrome with nerve subluxation, failed in-situ decompression, or a space-occupying lesion; it mobilizes the nerve anterior to the medial epicondyle.

Guyon canal

Guyon canal contains the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery at the wrist; compression can cause intrinsic wasting and sensory loss, while the dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve is spared because it branches proximally.

Free flap monitoring

Free flap monitoring uses color, capillary refill, temperature, and Doppler signals; congestion suggests venous thrombosis, whereas pallor suggests arterial thrombosis, and both warrant urgent reexploration.

Nerve conduit gap

A nerve conduit can bridge a distal sensory nerve gap under about 3 cm; it is less reliable for mixed or motor nerves and for larger gaps, where autograft is preferred.

Z-plasty

A Z-plasty transposes two triangular flaps to lengthen a scar and change its orientation; 60-degree limbs provide roughly 75% additional length and are used for contracture release.

Ganglion cyst origin

Most dorsal wrist ganglions arise from the scapholunate ligament; they may be aspirated or excised, and recurrence is more common after aspiration.

Enchondroma

Enchondroma is a benign cartilaginous bone tumor common in the hand; it appears lytic with calcification, may cause pathologic fracture, and is treated by curettage with bone grafting.

Giant cell tumor tendon sheath

Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is a benign, firm volar digital nodule; excision is the treatment, and local recurrence is common because of incomplete removal.

Kanavel signs

Kanavel signs of flexor tenosynovitis are fusiform swelling, flexed posture, tenderness along the sheath, and pain with passive extension; they prompt irrigation and antibiotics.

Fight bite

A fight bite is a human bite over the metacarpophalangeal joint; oral flora including Eikenella corrodens can infect tendon or joint, so irrigation, antibiotics, and careful exploration are required.

Kienbock disease

Kienbock disease is avascular necrosis of the lunate, associated with ulnar-negative variance; MRI detects early disease, and treatment depends on stage and includes grafting, proximal row carpectomy, or fusion.