ABP Sleep Medicine flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Sleep spindle

A burst of 11-16 Hz EEG activity lasting at least 0.5 seconds, characteristic of N2 sleep and generated by thalamocortical networks.

K-complex

A well-delineated negative sharp wave followed by a positive component lasting at least 0.5 seconds, a defining feature of N2 sleep.

Process S

The homeostatic sleep drive that increases with wakefulness and dissipates during sleep, interacting with the circadian Process C to regulate sleep timing.

Slow-wave sleep

N3 sleep defined by EEG activity of 0.5-2 Hz and greater than 75 microvolts occupying at least 20% of a 30-second epoch.

Apnea-hypopnea index

The number of apneas plus hypopneas per hour of sleep, used to grade obstructive sleep apnea severity as mild, moderate, or severe.

Obstructive apnea

A 90% or greater reduction in airflow lasting at least 10 seconds with continued or increased inspiratory effort against an obstructed airway.

Central apnea

A 90% or greater reduction in airflow for at least 10 seconds with absent inspiratory effort, reflecting failure of respiratory drive.

Obesity hypoventilation

A disorder with BMI of 30 or higher and awake arterial PaCO2 above 45 mmHg not explained by other causes of hypoventilation.

Stimulus control therapy

An insomnia treatment restricting the bed to sleep and intimacy, requiring leaving bed when awake, and enforcing a consistent wake time.

Sleep restriction therapy

An insomnia treatment that limits time in bed to the estimated total sleep time and gradually increases it as sleep efficiency improves.

Paradoxical insomnia

A condition in which patients report severe insomnia without objective polysomnographic evidence of markedly reduced sleep, reflecting sleep misperception.

CBT-I

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, a multicomponent first-line treatment combining stimulus control, sleep restriction, cognitive restructuring, and relaxation.

Cataplexy

Sudden, brief loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotion, a hallmark of narcolepsy type 1 caused by hypocretin deficiency.

Hypocretin deficiency

CSF hypocretin-1 of 110 pg/mL or less, which supports the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 in the appropriate clinical context.

Multiple sleep latency test

A series of daytime naps measuring mean sleep latency and sleep-onset REM periods to evaluate excessive daytime sleepiness and narcolepsy.

SOREMP

A sleep-onset REM period defined as REM sleep occurring within 15 minutes of sleep onset on the MSLT or polysomnogram.

Idiopathic hypersomnia

A central disorder of hypersomnolence with excessive daytime sleepiness, mean sleep latency of 8 minutes or less, and fewer than two SOREMPs.

Delayed sleep phase

A circadian rhythm disorder in which sleep onset and wake times are delayed two or more hours relative to the desired or required schedule.

Advanced sleep phase

A circadian rhythm disorder characterized by early evening sleep onset and early morning awakening, more common in older adults.

DLMO

Dim light melatonin onset, the time melatonin rises in dim light, used as a marker of circadian phase timing.

Non-24-hour rhythm

A circadian disorder in which the sleep-wake cycle free-runs with a period longer than 24 hours, frequently seen in totally blind individuals.

Shift work disorder

A circadian rhythm disorder with insomnia or excessive sleepiness temporally associated with a work schedule that overlaps usual sleep time.

Sleep terrors

An NREM parasomnia with abrupt arousal, screaming, autonomic activation, and amnesia for the episode, arising from slow-wave sleep.

REM sleep behavior disorder

A parasomnia with dream enactment and loss of normal REM atonia, associated with synucleinopathies such as Parkinson disease.

Confusional arousal

An NREM parasomnia of partial awakening with confusion and disorientation, typically occurring in the first part of the night.

Nightmare disorder

Repeated frightening dreams that are well recalled on awakening and arise predominantly from REM sleep, causing distress or impairment.

Restless legs syndrome

A sensorimotor disorder with an urge to move the legs, worse at rest and in the evening, relieved by movement and associated with iron deficiency.

Periodic limb movements

Repetitive limb movements lasting 0.5-10 seconds at intervals of 5-90 seconds during sleep, quantified by the PLMS index.

Sleep bruxism

Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during sleep causing tooth grinding, jaw clenching, and potential dental wear.

Pediatric OSA

Obstructive sleep apnea in children, often caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy and presenting with behavioral problems, inattention, or enuresis.

Polysomnography

An overnight study recording EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, airflow, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, and position to stage sleep and diagnose disorders.

Actigraphy

A wrist-worn device that estimates sleep-wake patterns over multiple days, useful for assessing circadian rhythm disorders and insomnia.