Adobe Commerce Business Practitioner key terms

A presentation layer within a website that defines the language, currency, and tax display for a specific audience. Multiple store views can share the same catalog and configuration.

The top-level container in the store hierarchy. It groups one or more stores and defines the base URL, default customer group, and shared configuration for all stores beneath it.

A grouping within a website that contains one or more store views. It typically represents a brand, region, or business unit and has its own root category and default store view.

The level at which a configuration setting or attribute value applies: global, website, store, or store view. Settings can be overridden at narrower scopes to customize behavior per audience.

A setting value defined at a narrower scope that replaces the value inherited from a broader scope. Overrides allow different behavior per website or store view without duplicating the entire configuration.

A collection of product attributes grouped for a specific product type. It determines which fields appear when editing a product and helps organize data entry for different kinds of products.

A data field that describes a product, such as color, size, or material. Attributes can be used for filtering, sorting, layered navigation, and defining configurable product variations.

A product type that lets customers choose among variations such as size and color. Each variation is a simple product associated with the configurable parent, and inventory can be managed per variation.

A physical product with a single SKU and no customer-selectable options. It is the most common product type and can be sold individually or used as a variation within a configurable product.

A product that is not shipped and has no weight, such as a service, membership, or downloadable file. It is fulfilled digitally and does not require shipping address or shipment creation.

A product type that presents a fixed or customizable set of items sold together. Customers choose from predefined options, and the price can be fixed or calculated from the selected components.

A logical grouping of products used to organize the catalog for navigation and merchandising. Categories form a tree with a root category, and products can belong to multiple categories.

A category setting that causes products from its subcategories to appear in the parent category listing. It simplifies merchandising by aggregating products across a branch of the category tree.

A physical or logical location where stock is held, such as a warehouse or store. Sources are assigned to stocks and used by Multi-Source Inventory to calculate salable quantities per sales channel.

A virtual grouping of inventory sources mapped to sales channels. It aggregates quantities from assigned sources and determines which source fulfills an order based on priority and distance.

The quantity of a product that can be sold through a given sales channel, calculated from source item quantities minus reservations such as pending orders and incomplete shipments.

A classification of customers used to control pricing, promotions, and access. Each customer belongs to one group, and groups can be linked to tax classes and catalog price rules.

A dynamic or manual group of customers defined by attributes such as order history, location, or cart contents. Segments drive targeted promotions, content, and cart price rules.

An additional field on customer records, such as loyalty tier or industry. Custom attributes can be used in forms, segments, and checkout to personalize the experience.

A promotion that changes product prices before they are added to the cart, based on conditions such as category, attribute, or customer group. It applies a discount to the catalog display and final price.

A promotion applied during checkout based on cart contents, customer group, or coupon code. It can offer percentage or fixed discounts, free shipping, or buy-one-get-one deals.

A unique code customers enter at checkout to receive a cart price rule discount. Codes can be auto-generated, limited by usage, and restricted to specific customer groups or time periods.

A category assigned to products and customer groups to determine which tax rate applies. The tax calculation combines the product tax class with the customer tax class and the store's tax rules.

A configuration that links a product tax class and a customer tax class to one or more tax rates. It determines the tax percentage charged for a transaction in a given store.

The process of transforming raw catalog and sales data into optimized tables used for fast storefront queries. Indexers can update on save or by schedule, and stale indexes affect price, search, and category displays.

A storage layer that holds rendered pages, blocks, and configuration data to reduce response time. Cache types can be enabled or disabled per environment, and clearing or flushing affects storefront performance.

A caching mechanism that stores entire HTML responses for anonymous visitors. It improves performance and can be purged by tags when content, prices, or catalog data change.

A scheduled background task that runs at defined intervals to perform maintenance such as indexing, email sending, and price rule updates. It is configured in the database and triggered by the server scheduler.

An asynchronous communication mechanism that decouples producers and consumers of tasks, such as inventory updates or email sending. It improves scalability by processing work outside the web request.

A design pattern in which objects receive their dependencies from an external configuration rather than creating them internally. It enables modular code, easier testing, and replacement of classes without altering core files.

A self-contained package of code that adds or changes functionality. Modules declare dependencies, define routes and configuration, and can be enabled or disabled without affecting other modules.

A set of PHP interfaces that define how business logic is exposed to other modules or integrations. It provides a stable API for services such as product repositories and checkout operations.

An interface that allows external systems to read and write platform data. REST and GraphQL endpoints support integrations such as ERP, CRM, and mobile apps, subject to authentication and authorization.

A credential used by third-party systems to authenticate API calls. It is created in the admin with specific resource access and can be revoked without affecting customer accounts.

A native inventory management feature that lets merchants track stock across multiple sources and assign them to sales channels. It calculates salable quantities and selects sources for order fulfillment.

A business customer structure with multiple users, roles, and purchasing permissions. Companies can use requisition lists, quotes, and shared credit limits to manage procurement.

A saved list of products that a business customer can reuse for repeat purchases. It supports bulk ordering and can be shared among users within a company account.

The total revenue or profit a customer is expected to generate over their relationship with the business. It helps prioritize retention, segmentation, and personalization investments.

The percentage of storefront sessions that result in a completed order. It is a key performance indicator used to evaluate merchandising, checkout usability, and marketing effectiveness.

The average amount spent per order, calculated by dividing total revenue by the number of orders. It is used to assess promotion effectiveness and customer purchasing behavior.