AEPA Elementary Education (NT102/NT103) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Phonemic awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words, such as blending or segmenting the sounds in 'cat'.

Formative assessment

Ongoing checks during instruction that inform teaching adjustments, such as exit tickets or quick quizzes, rather than a final graded measure.

Summative assessment

An evaluation at the end of a unit or course that measures overall learning against standards, such as a final exam or project.

Simile versus metaphor

A simile compares using 'like' or 'as' ('brave as a lion'); a metaphor states one thing is another ('the classroom was a zoo').

Main idea

The central point a paragraph or passage conveys, supported by details; it is what the text is mostly about.

Checks and balances

A system in which each branch of government can limit the powers of the others, preventing any single branch from dominating.

Federalism

A division of power between a national government and state governments, with each level holding its own defined authority.

Opportunity cost

The value of the next-best alternative given up when a choice is made because resources are scarce.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting individual freedoms such as speech, religion, and due process.

Reconstruction

The period after the Civil War (roughly 1865–1877) when the federal government rebuilt the South and added civil rights amendments.

Order of operations

The agreed sequence for evaluating expressions: parentheses, exponents, multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction, left to right.

Least common denominator

The smallest common multiple of two or more denominators, used to add or subtract fractions with unlike denominators.

Mean versus median

The mean is the sum divided by the count; the median is the middle value of an ordered data set.

Area of a triangle

Half the product of the base and the height, written A = ½ × b × h.

Circumference

The distance around a circle, calculated as C = 2πr or C = πd, where r is radius and d is diameter.

Independent variable

The factor the experimenter deliberately changes or manipulates in an investigation; it is not affected by other variables.

Dependent variable

The factor that is measured or observed in an experiment; it responds to changes in the independent variable.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen.

Water cycle

The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection or runoff on Earth.

Food chain

A sequence showing energy flow from producers to consumers to decomposers, with energy decreasing at each successive level.

Elements of art

The basic visual building blocks: line, shape, form, space, color, value, and texture.

Complementary colors

Pairs of colors opposite each other on the color wheel, such as red and green, that create strong contrast when used together.

Primary colors

Red, yellow, and blue; they cannot be created by mixing and combine to produce secondary colors.

Quarter note

A musical note worth one beat in 4/4 time; a half note equals two beats and a whole note equals four.

FITT principle

A fitness planning guide standing for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of exercise.

Target heart rate

The exercise heart-rate range for aerobic benefit, roughly 60 to 85 percent of maximum heart rate, where max ≈ 220 minus age.

Aerobic exercise

Sustained activity using oxygen for energy, such as jogging or swimming, that strengthens the heart and lungs.

Muscular strength

The maximum force a muscle group can exert in a single effort, developed through resistance training.

Flexibility

The range of motion available at a joint, improved through stretching and important for injury prevention.

Communicable disease

An illness caused by pathogens such as bacteria or viruses that can spread from person to person.

RICE treatment

First aid for sprains and strains: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation to reduce swelling and pain.

MyPlate

A nutrition guide dividing a plate into fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy to show balanced meal proportions.