Afghanistan Dental Exit Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

FDI tooth 36

Mandibular left first permanent molar; quadrant 3 (mandibular left) and position 6 (first molar).

C-factor

Ratio of bonded to unbonded surface area in a cavity; high C-factor increases polymerization shrinkage stress in composites.

Working length

Distance from a coronal reference point to the apical constriction, typically 0.5-1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex.

Class II cavity

G.V. Black classification for proximal caries in posterior teeth, involving occlusal and proximal surfaces.

Alveolar osteitis

Dry socket; painful fibrinolysis of the clot 2-4 days after extraction, treated with irrigation and medicated dressing.

Ludwig's angina

Bilateral submandibular and sublingual space infection, usually odontogenic, threatening the airway and requiring urgent IV antibiotics.

Le Fort I fracture

Low transverse maxillary fracture separating the palate from the upper face, often requiring open reduction and fixation.

Ante's rule

Total root surface area of fixed partial denture abutments should equal or exceed that of the teeth being replaced.

Freeway space

Interocclusal distance at rest, typically 2-4 mm; used to establish vertical dimension of occlusion in complete dentures.

Albrektsson criteria

Implant success requires less than 0.2 mm annual bone loss after year one, no mobility, pain, or peri-implant radiolucency.

Clinical attachment level

Probing depth plus recession (or minus hyperplasia); measures true periodontal support loss from the CEJ.

Bleeding on probing

Marker of gingival inflammation; its absence has high negative predictive value for periodontal stability.

Peri-implant mucositis

Reversible inflammation of peri-implant soft tissue without progressive bone loss, unlike peri-implantitis.

ANB angle

Cephalometric angle between SNA and SNB, normally about 2 degrees; values above 4 suggest skeletal Class II.

Leeway space

Difference between primary molar and canine widths and their permanent successors, about 1.5-2 mm per mandibular side.

Early childhood caries

Caries in children under six, most affecting maxillary anterior teeth; prevented by fluoride varnish and dietary counseling.

ALARA principle

Radiation protection principle: keep doses as low as reasonably achievable using collimation, shielding, and digital sensors.

Periapical index

Five-point radiographic scoring system for apical periodontitis; scores of 3 or higher indicate disease.

CBCT indications

Implant planning, impacted teeth, complex endodontics, and maxillofacial trauma; higher dose than 2D imaging.

Lidocaine maximum dose

4.4 mg/kg (absolute 300 mg) for 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine; one cartridge contains 36 mg.

Articaine maximum dose

7 mg/kg for 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine; good bone penetration but avoid with sulfite allergy.

Endocarditis prophylaxis

Amoxicillin 2 g orally 30-60 minutes before dental procedures for high-risk cardiac conditions such as prosthetic valves.

Autoclave cycle

Sterilization at 121 degrees Celsius and 15 psi for 15-20 minutes, or 134 degrees Celsius for 3-4 minutes; spore test weekly.

DMFT index

Count of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth; dmft is used for primary teeth in caries epidemiology.

CPI score 4

Community Periodontal Index code indicating a periodontal pocket of 6 mm or more in a sextant.

Water fluoridation level

Optimal concentration of about 0.7-1.0 ppm depending on climate; reduces dental caries by roughly 20-40%.

Odontogenic keratocyst

Cyst with parakeratinized lining and basal palisading, high recurrence, linked to PTCH1 and basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Erythroplakia

Red velvety oral patch that cannot be diagnosed as another disease; carries high malignant transformation risk and needs biopsy.

Ameloblastoma

Locally aggressive multilocular radiolucent lesion of the posterior mandible, treated by resection with margins.

Irreversible pulpitis

Pulp diagnosis marked by lingering or spontaneous pain; requires root canal treatment or extraction.

Sodium hypochlorite irrigation

Root canal irrigant at 0.5-5.25% that dissolves organic tissue and is antimicrobial; avoid extrusion beyond the apex.

Ferrule effect

At least 1.5-2 mm of circumferential sound tooth structure above the restoration margin improves resistance to fracture.