Natural Sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Physics)
Biology
Know the cell as the basic unit of life, the difference between plant and animal cells (cell wall, chloroplasts), and the role of DNA. Know the basic organ systems and the process of photosynthesis.
Chemistry
Know the structure of the atom (protons, neutrons, electrons), the periodic table layout, and the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Know acids and bases and the pH scale. The trap is confusing atomic number (protons) with atomic mass (protons plus neutrons).
Physics
Know Newton's three laws, the difference between speed and velocity, and the formulas for force (F = ma) and work (W = Fd). Know the states of matter and basic energy transformations.
Worked example
A 2 kg object accelerates at 3 m/s². Using F = ma, F = 2 × 3 = 6 N. If a question gives mass and acceleration, it is asking for force; if it gives force and mass, it is asking for acceleration. Identify the unknown first, then choose the formula.