AIC CAC study materials
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AIC CAC flashcards

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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Net Operating Income
Effective gross income minus operating expenses. Excludes debt service, income taxes, depreciation, and capital expenditures, so it measures property performance independent of financing.
Effective Gross Income
Gross potential rent minus vacancy and credit loss, plus other income such as fees, pet rent, and laundry. It is the revenue base used to compute operating expense ratios.
Management Agreement
Written contract appointing the manager as the owner's agent. It sets scope of services, fee structure, spending authority, reporting requirements, and termination terms.
Reserve for Replacement
Funds set aside from operations for future capital replacement of components like roofs, HVAC, and paving. Sized from a component schedule, not from current repair needs.
Operating Expense Ratio
Total operating expenses divided by effective gross income, expressed as a percentage. Used to compare a property against its own history and its competitive set.
Physical vs Economic Occupancy
Physical occupancy counts occupied units over total units. Economic occupancy measures rent collected over gross potential rent, capturing concessions and delinquency that physical counts miss.
Turnover Rate
Move-outs in a period divided by average units, annualized. High turnover signals pricing, service, or retention problems and drives make-ready cost.
Traffic-to-Lease Ratio
Leases signed divided by qualified prospects in a period. A rising ratio points to pricing or closing issues rather than insufficient marketing traffic.
Concession Amortization
Spreading the cost of free rent or waived fees across the lease term so effective rent reflects true revenue rather than the face rent on the lease.
Rent-Ready Days
Days between move-out and a unit being ready to lease, including cleaning, painting, and repairs. It links maintenance speed directly to vacancy loss.
Protected Classes
Categories shielded from housing discrimination. Federal classes are race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability; state and local laws often add more.
Reasonable Accommodation
A change in rules, policies, practices, or services so a person with a disability can use and enjoy the dwelling. Example: assigning an accessible parking space.
Reasonable Modification
A structural or physical change to a unit or common area, usually at the resident's expense, that allows a person with a disability full use of the premises.
Familial Status
A protected class covering households with children under 18, pregnant persons, and persons securing legal custody. Occupancy standards cannot be used to exclude these households.
Disparate Impact
A neutral policy that disproportionately harms a protected group and is not justified by business necessity. Screening and occupancy rules must be defensible on objective grounds.
Reasonable Occupancy Standard
A limit on residents per unit based on unit size, configuration, and objective factors, applied uniformly. It may not be used to exclude families with children.
Service Request Tiers
Written urgency categories with response targets: emergency handled immediately, urgent within 24 hours, routine within three to five business days.
Renewal Rate
Renewals divided by leases expiring in the period. Retention is cheaper than turnover, so renewal rate is a primary measure of resident satisfaction and operational health.
Deposit Accounting Rules
State law governs how long deposits are held, whether interest accrues, and the deadline and itemization required for refund statements after move-out.
Complaint Resolution Loop
A documented cycle: acknowledge the complaint, investigate, take action, confirm resolution with the resident, and log the outcome for trend analysis.
Move-In Inspection
A documented walkthrough recording unit condition at move-in. It establishes the baseline for deposit deductions and protects both resident and owner in disputes.
Variance Analysis
Comparing actual results to budget and prior year, then labeling each difference as timing, volume, rate, or one-time so the cause is actionable.
Delinquency Ratio
Past-due balances divided by total billed rent, tracked in aging buckets of 0-30, 31-60, 61-90, and over 90 days.
Cash Flow Before Debt Service
Net operating income minus capital expenditures, debt service, and reserve funding. It shows what remains for owner distributions after all obligations.
Expense Benchmarking
Comparing operating costs per unit or per square foot rather than as raw totals, so properties of different sizes can be evaluated on equal footing.
Gross Potential Rent
Total units times market rent times twelve, adjusted for the actual rent roll and scheduled increases. It is the starting point of the revenue budget.
Preventive Maintenance
Scheduled servicing of equipment and building systems to extend life and prevent failures. Work orders are tracked by category and completion time.
Habitability Obligation
The legal duty to keep units safe and functional, including heat, water, plumbing, and common areas. Breach creates repair-and-deduct and liability exposure.
Certificate of Insurance
Proof that a vendor carries required coverage and limits, naming the owner as additional insured. Collect before work begins and track expiration dates.
Emergency Maintenance
Conditions requiring immediate response: no heat, no water, sewage backup, gas leak, fire damage, or lockout. Document the call, response, and resolution.
Fiduciary Duty
The manager's obligation to act in the owner's interest through loyalty, disclosure, confidentiality, obedience within lawful authority, and accurate accounting of funds.
Trust Fund Commingling
Mixing resident deposits or owner funds with the manager's operating money. Prohibited; trust funds must sit in a designated account.