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AK Asbestos Abatement practice questions

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Question 1Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which federal statute gives EPA authority to regulate asbestos in schools and to ban new asbestos-containing products?

  1. Clean Air Act (CAA)
  2. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Correct answer.
  3. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
  4. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act)

Explanation

TSCA is the statute EPA uses to require reporting, testing, and restrictions on chemical substances including asbestos, and it underpins the Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools Rule. The Clean Air Act governs air emissions, OSHA governs workplace safety, and RCRA governs waste disposal.

Question 2Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Under OSHA's asbestos standards, what is the permissible exposure limit (PEL) as an 8-hour time-weighted average?

  1. 1.0 fiber per cubic centimeter
  2. 0.5 fibers per cubic centimeter
  3. 5.0 fibers per cubic centimeter
  4. 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter Correct answer.

Explanation

OSHA sets the PEL for asbestos at 0.1 f/cc averaged over an 8-hour shift, with an excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc over 30 minutes. The lower PEL reflects recognition that asbestos causes disease at low exposures.

Question 3Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which adverse health effect is most strongly and specifically associated with inhalation of asbestos fibers?

  1. Type 2 diabetes
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. Malignant mesothelioma Correct answer.
  4. Liver cirrhosis

Explanation

Asbestos fibers deposited in the lung and pleura can cause mesothelioma, a cancer of the pleural or peritoneal lining, as well as asbestosis and lung cancer. The other conditions listed are not established asbestos-related diseases.

Question 4Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

What does the acronym NESHAP refer to in the context of asbestos abatement?

  1. National Environmental Site Hazard Assessment Protocol
  2. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Correct answer.
  3. New England Safety and Health Advisory Program
  4. Non-Employee Safety and Hazard Awareness Plan

Explanation

NESHAP is the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, promulgated under the Clean Air Act. Subpart M of NESHAP sets work practice standards for asbestos demolition and renovation.

Question 5Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which agency administers the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) requirements for public and private schools?

  1. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  2. The Department of Energy
  3. The Environmental Protection Agency Correct answer.
  4. The Consumer Product Safety Commission

Explanation

AHERA is a subchapter of TSCA administered by EPA, requiring schools to inspect for asbestos, develop management plans, and conduct periodic reinspections. OSHA regulates worker exposure rather than school management plans.

Question 6Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Why is smoking considered a significant risk factor for asbestos-exposed workers?

  1. Smoking reduces the fiber count measured by air sampling
  2. Smoking neutralizes asbestos fibers in the lung
  3. Smoking and asbestos act synergistically to increase lung cancer risk Correct answer.
  4. Smoking prevents fibers from reaching the alveoli

Explanation

Epidemiologic studies show that cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure interact multiplicatively, producing lung cancer risks far greater than either exposure alone. Smoking does not remove or neutralize fibers.

Question 7Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Asbestos fibers that reach the deep lung and cause disease are most commonly deposited in which region?

  1. The nasal passages
  2. The esophagus
  3. The alveolar and bronchiolar region Correct answer.
  4. The upper trachea only

Explanation

Very fine fibers can bypass the upper airway and deposit in the alveolar and bronchiolar regions, where macrophage clearance is limited. This deep deposition is what allows fibers to persist and cause fibrosis or malignancy.

Question 8Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

A renovation project will disturb more than 160 square feet of regulated asbestos-containing material on facility components. Under NESHAP, what must the owner do before the work begins?

  1. Obtain a federal asbestos import license
  2. Submit a written notification to the appropriate EPA or delegated state agency Correct answer.
  3. Notify only the building's tenants
  4. File a permit with the local fire department

Explanation

NESHAP requires written notification to EPA or the delegated state/local agency before renovation or demolition that will disturb threshold quantities of regulated asbestos-containing material. The notification allows regulators to verify work practices and inspection requirements.

Question 9Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which category of asbestos-containing material is generally most prone to releasing fibers when disturbed?

  1. Non-friable vinyl floor tile
  2. Asphalt roofing shingles
  3. Friable material such as sprayed-on insulation Correct answer.
  4. Asbestos-cement pipe

Explanation

Friable materials can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure, so they readily release fibers when disturbed. Non-friable products like tile, shingles, and cement pipe bind fibers in a matrix and release fewer fibers unless broken or sanded.

Question 10Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

What is the latency period typically observed between initial asbestos exposure and the appearance of mesothelioma?

  1. Several decades Correct answer.
  2. Roughly one to two years
  3. A few months
  4. Several days to weeks

Explanation

Asbestos-related cancers typically appear 20 to 40 or more years after first exposure, a long latency that complicates attributing disease to a specific job. Asbestosis can appear sooner but still usually after years of exposure.

Question 11Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which regulatory action did EPA take in 1989 regarding asbestos that was later vacated in part by a federal court?

  1. A ban and phase-out of most asbestos-containing products under TSCA Correct answer.
  2. A ban limited to asbestos-containing brake shoes only
  3. A mandate to remove all asbestos from every building by 1995
  4. A complete prohibition on asbestos mining worldwide

Explanation

EPA issued a TSCA rule in 1989 banning and phasing out most asbestos-containing products, but the Fifth Circuit vacated most of it in 1991. The court found EPA had not adequately demonstrated unreasonable risk under the applicable standard.

Question 12Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

A worker's 8-hour shift includes a 30-minute task at 0.9 f/cc and the rest of the shift at 0.02 f/cc. Which OSHA limit is most directly relevant to the 30-minute task?

  1. The 15-minute short-term limit of 0.5 f/cc
  2. The 8-hour PEL of 0.1 f/cc
  3. The 30-minute excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc Correct answer.
  4. There is no applicable limit for short tasks

Explanation

OSHA's excursion limit caps exposure at 1.0 f/cc averaged over any 30-minute period, independent of the 8-hour PEL. The 0.9 f/cc task stays under the excursion limit but must still be averaged into the 8-hour PEL calculation.

Question 13Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which statement best describes the difference between asbestosis and asbestos-related lung cancer?

  1. Both are forms of skin cancer
  2. Both are infectious diseases caused by a bacterium
  3. Asbestosis is a non-malignant fibrotic lung disease, while lung cancer is malignant Correct answer.
  4. Asbestosis is malignant, while lung cancer is a benign scarring condition

Explanation

Asbestosis is progressive scarring of lung tissue caused by retained fibers, producing breathlessness and reduced lung function. Lung cancer is a malignant tumor of the lung that asbestos exposure increases in incidence, especially with smoking.

Question 14Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which of the following is the primary route of occupational exposure to asbestos?

  1. Eye contact with dust
  2. Ingestion of contaminated food
  3. Inhalation of airborne fibers Correct answer.
  4. Skin absorption

Explanation

Inhalation of airborne fibers is the dominant route of occupational exposure and the one linked to lung disease and mesothelioma. Dermal and ingestion routes are minor by comparison in abatement work.

Question 15Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

A school built in 1965 has never had an asbestos inspection. Under AHERA, what is the local education agency required to do?

  1. Take no action until a renovation is planned
  2. Inspect for asbestos and prepare a management plan Correct answer.
  3. Post warning signs without any inspection
  4. Remove all asbestos regardless of condition

Explanation

AHERA requires local education agencies to inspect school buildings for asbestos-containing material and develop a management plan addressing response actions. Removal is only one option and is not universally mandated by AHERA.

Question 16Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which historical exposure group provided some of the earliest epidemiologic evidence linking asbestos to mesothelioma?

  1. Coal miners in Appalachia
  2. Agricultural workers in the Midwest
  3. Commercial airline pilots
  4. Shipyard workers and asbestos textile employees Correct answer.

Explanation

Studies of shipyard workers and asbestos textile manufacturing employees in the mid-20th century established the link between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma and asbestosis. These cohorts had intense, sustained occupational exposure.

Question 17Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Why does the amphibole fiber type crocidolite pose a particularly high health concern compared with chrysotile?

  1. It dissolves rapidly in lung fluid
  2. It is more biopersistent and has greater carcinogenic potency Correct answer.
  3. It is not actually asbestos
  4. It is too large to be inhaled

Explanation

Amphibole fibers such as crocidolite are straight, rigid, and biopersistent, and epidemiologic evidence indicates greater mesothelioma potency than chrysotile. Chrysotile is more curly and is cleared or dissolves somewhat more readily.

Question 18Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

A building owner plans a demolition and the structure contains regulated asbestos-containing material. Under NESHAP, what must occur before demolition begins?

  1. Only the contractor, not the owner, must be notified
  2. The material must be removed before any wrecking, and notification must be submitted Correct answer.
  3. The material may remain if the building is wetted during demolition
  4. Notification is required only after demolition is complete

Explanation

NESHAP requires that regulated asbestos-containing material be removed before demolition that would disturb it, and that written notification be given to the agency in advance. Wrecking a structure with the material in place would cause uncontrolled fiber release.

Question 19Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which statement correctly characterizes the relationship between asbestos exposure dose and asbestosis risk?

  1. Risk decreases as cumulative exposure increases
  2. Risk is unrelated to dose and depends only on fiber type
  3. Risk increases with cumulative dose, with no identified safe threshold Correct answer.
  4. A single fiber exposure reliably causes asbestosis

Explanation

Asbestosis risk rises with cumulative inhaled dose, and no safe threshold has been established for asbestos-related disease. Higher and longer exposures produce greater fibrosis burden.

Question 20Asbestos Health Effects and Regulatory Background

Which legal principle explains why an abatement contractor must comply with both OSHA worker-protection rules and NESHAP environmental rules on the same project?

  1. OSHA rules supersede all environmental rules on abatement sites
  2. NESHAP applies only to federal buildings
  3. Federal standards are cumulative, and compliance with one program does not excuse noncompliance with another Correct answer.
  4. Environmental rules apply only after workers leave the site

Explanation

OSHA and NESHAP address different concerns, worker exposure and ambient air emissions, and both apply simultaneously. Meeting an OSHA exposure limit does not satisfy NESHAP work practice or notification requirements, and vice versa.

Question 21Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Which regulatory agency classifies asbestos-containing materials as either friable or nonfriable?

  1. The DOE under energy rules
  2. The DOT under hazmat rules
  3. The FDA under the Food Code
  4. The EPA under NESHAP Correct answer.

Explanation

The National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), administered by EPA, defines friable asbestos material and governs its handling during demolition and renovation. Other agencies regulate transport or worker protection, not this classification.

Question 22Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

By EPA definition, a material is considered friable when it can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by:

  1. deliberate laboratory grinding
  2. water saturation
  3. hand pressure Correct answer.
  4. power sanding only

Explanation

Friability under NESHAP is determined by whether the material can be crumbled or pulverized by hand pressure when dry. This hand-pressure test distinguishes friable from nonfriable categories.

Question 23Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Which of the following is a common nonfriable asbestos-containing material?

  1. Pipe lagging wrap
  2. Vinyl floor tile Correct answer.
  3. Sprayed-on fireproofing
  4. Loose blow-in insulation

Explanation

Vinyl floor tile is a matrix-bound material that resists crumbling by hand pressure and is typically classified as nonfriable. Sprayed fireproofing, blow-in insulation, and lagging are friable.

Question 24Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

The most common commercial asbestos minerals belong to which mineral group?

  1. Carbonate and sulfate
  2. Feldspar and quartz
  3. Mica and clay
  4. Serpentine and amphibole Correct answer.

Explanation

Commercial asbestos minerals are silicates divided into the serpentine group (chrysotile) and the amphibole group (amosite, crocidolite, anthophyllite, tremolite, actinolite). The other groups listed are unrelated mineral families.

Question 25Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Which asbestos mineral is a member of the serpentine group?

  1. Anthophyllite
  2. Amosite
  3. Chrysotile Correct answer.
  4. Crocidolite

Explanation

Chrysotile is the only asbestos mineral in the serpentine group and accounts for most asbestos used commercially. Amosite, crocidolite, and anthophyllite are amphiboles.

Question 26Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

The physical property that makes chrysotile fibers distinct from amphibole asbestos is that chrysotile fibers are:

  1. curly and easily woven Correct answer.
  2. straight and needle-like
  3. coarse and granular
  4. brittle and blocky

Explanation

Chrysotile fibers are curly and flexible, which allowed them to be spun and woven into textiles. Amphibole fibers tend to be straight and needle-like.

Question 27Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

A building material that contains less than one percent asbestos by weight is generally:

  1. classified as non-ACM Correct answer.
  2. exempt from all rules
  3. still regulated as ACM
  4. automatically friable

Explanation

Materials containing less than one percent asbestos are generally not classified as asbestos-containing material under EPA rules. Materials at or above one percent are regulated as ACM.

Question 28Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

An inspector finds a suspect material and must determine whether it contains asbestos. The standard method is to:

  1. collect a bulk sample for lab analysis Correct answer.
  2. measure the room's air volume
  3. test the material with a magnet
  4. estimate from the building age

Explanation

Bulk samples are collected following proper procedures and analyzed by an accredited laboratory using methods such as polarized light microscopy. Age or appearance alone cannot confirm asbestos content.

Question 29Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Polarized light microscopy (PLM) is used in asbestos analysis primarily to:

  1. measure fiber length in air
  2. identify mineral type and estimate percentage Correct answer.
  3. count airborne fiber concentrations
  4. test material strength

Explanation

PLM identifies asbestos mineral types and estimates their percentage in bulk samples using optical properties. Airborne fiber counting uses phase contrast microscopy or electron microscopy.

Question 30Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

When collecting a bulk sample of a suspect material, the sample should be:

  1. stored with other samples loose
  2. collected with a power saw dry
  3. left loose in an open bag
  4. wetted and placed in a sealed container Correct answer.

Explanation

Bulk samples should be wetted to suppress dust and placed in a sealed, labeled container to prevent fiber release and cross-contamination. Dry power cutting and loose storage increase exposure risk.

Question 31Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

A homogeneous area for asbestos assessment is best described as:

  1. a surface with uniform color and texture Correct answer.
  2. material applied in the same year
  3. the entire building exterior
  4. any room of the building

Explanation

A homogeneous area is a surfacing or material of uniform color and texture applied at one time. Samples are collected to represent each homogeneous area.

Question 32Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

The number of bulk samples typically required to characterize a homogeneous area of surfacing material is:

  1. seven samples
  2. three samples Correct answer.
  3. five samples
  4. one sample

Explanation

EPA guidance calls for a minimum of three bulk samples from each homogeneous area of surfacing material to account for variability. Thermal system insulation generally requires at least three as well, while other materials may need fewer.

Question 33Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

A material that is nonfriable in place but may become friable when sanded, cut, or crushed is classified as:

  1. Category I nonfriable
  2. inherently friable
  3. Category II nonfriable
  4. regulated asbestos-containing material when disturbed Correct answer.

Explanation

NESHAP treats nonfriable material that can be made friable by mechanical operations as regulated asbestos-containing material when it will be disturbed. This category captures materials that become friable through work practices.

Question 34Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Category I nonfriable material under NESHAP includes which of the following?

  1. Pipe insulation
  2. Asphalt roofing felt Correct answer.
  3. Sprayed acoustic ceiling
  4. Blown-in attic insulation

Explanation

Category I nonfriable materials include asphalt roofing products, packings, and gaskets. Surfacing materials and thermal insulation are friable.

Question 35Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

An inspector suspects a textured ceiling coating is ACM. Which action best reflects proper assessment practice?

  1. Collect representative bulk samples for lab analysis Correct answer.
  2. Assume ACM and skip sampling
  3. Rely on the paint color
  4. Vacuum the surface to test dust

Explanation

Proper assessment requires representative bulk sampling and laboratory analysis to confirm asbestos content. Assumptions, dust vacuuming, or appearance cannot substitute for analysis.

Question 36Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

A building owner is planning renovation and asks whether a suspect material must be assessed before disturbance. The most accurate response is that assessment is:

  1. optional if the material looks intact
  2. unnecessary if the building is old
  3. required before disturbing suspect materials Correct answer.
  4. needed only for exterior work

Explanation

Suspect materials must be assessed before renovation or demolition disturbs them so that appropriate handling can be planned. Intact appearance or building age does not remove the obligation.

Question 37Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Which analytical method is generally required to confirm the asbestos content of a bulk sample?

  1. Polarized light microscopy Correct answer.
  2. Infrared spectroscopy
  3. Phase contrast microscopy
  4. Gas chromatography

Explanation

Polarized light microscopy is the standard method for bulk sample analysis and mineral identification. Phase contrast microscopy is used for airborne fiber counting, not bulk identification.

Question 38Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

A bulk sample result reports chrysotile at two percent. How should this material be classified?

  1. As ACM only if friable
  2. As ACM because it meets the one percent threshold Correct answer.
  3. As non-ACM because it is under five percent
  4. As non-ACM because chrysotile is not regulated

Explanation

Any material containing one percent or more asbestos by weight is classified as asbestos-containing material. Two percent chrysotile exceeds that threshold regardless of friability.

Question 39Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Which of the following best explains why friable materials pose a greater exposure concern than nonfriable materials?

  1. They contain more asbestos by weight
  2. They are heavier per unit volume
  3. They release fibers more readily when disturbed Correct answer.
  4. They are always installed outdoors

Explanation

Friable materials crumble easily and release fibers into the air when disturbed, increasing exposure potential. Weight and location are not the defining concern.

Question 40Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

An inspector must decide how many bulk samples to collect from a homogeneous area of thermal system insulation. The best practice is to collect:

  1. no samples if intact
  2. exactly seven samples
  3. at least three samples Correct answer.
  4. one composite sample

Explanation

EPA guidance recommends a minimum of three bulk samples from each homogeneous area of thermal system insulation to capture variability. One composite or no samples is insufficient.

Question 41Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

A material is friable in place. Which classification best applies under NESHAP?

  1. Exempt material
  2. Category I nonfriable
  3. Category II nonfriable
  4. Regulated asbestos-containing material Correct answer.

Explanation

Friable asbestos-containing material is regulated asbestos-containing material under NESHAP. Category I and II apply to nonfriable materials.

Question 42Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

An assessment finds a nonfriable material that will be mechanically crushed during demolition. The correct regulatory treatment is that it:

  1. is exempt because it is bonded
  2. requires no notification
  3. remains nonfriable and unregulated
  4. is treated as regulated ACM when disturbed Correct answer.

Explanation

Nonfriable material that will be made friable by mechanical operations such as crushing is treated as regulated asbestos-containing material when disturbed. Bonding alone does not exempt it if it will be rendered friable.

Question 43Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

Which statement best distinguishes a homogeneous area from a single bulk sample location?

  1. They are the same concept
  2. A homogeneous area is a uniform material region represented by samples Correct answer.
  3. A homogeneous area is one sample point
  4. A homogeneous area is the lab report

Explanation

A homogeneous area is a region of uniform material from which representative samples are collected; it is not a single sample point or a lab report. Sampling locations represent the area.

Question 44Asbestos-Containing Materials Identification and Assessment

An inspector must interpret a lab report listing multiple mineral types in a bulk sample. The most reliable basis for classifying the material as ACM is:

  1. the building's construction date
  2. the total asbestos percentage meeting the threshold Correct answer.
  3. the sample's color
  4. the presence of any nonasbestos mineral

Explanation

Classification as ACM depends on the total asbestos content meeting or exceeding the one percent threshold. Nonasbestos minerals, color, and construction date do not determine ACM status.

Question 45Worker Protection and Personal Protective Equipment

Which type of respirator is required for most Class I and Class II asbestos abatement work under OSHA's construction standard?

  1. A loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirator only
  2. A half-mask air-purifying respirator with dust filters
  3. A tight-fitting full-facepiece air-purifying respirator with high-efficiency filters Correct answer.
  4. A single-use dust mask rated N95

Explanation

OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1101 requires, at minimum, a tight-fitting full-facepiece air-purifying respirator equipped with high-efficiency filters for most Class I and Class II work. Half-mask and disposable dust masks do not provide the assigned protection factor required for these classes.

Question 46Worker Protection and Personal Protective Equipment

Before an employee uses a tight-fitting respirator for the first time, the employer must ensure the employee passes:

  1. A qualitative or quantitative fit test Correct answer.
  2. A vision screening
  3. A pulmonary function test
  4. A chest X-ray

Explanation

OSHA requires a fit test before initial use of a tight-fitting respirator and at least annually thereafter. Fit testing verifies that the specific make, model, and size seal properly on the wearer's face.

Question 47Worker Protection and Personal Protective Equipment

How often must a qualitative or quantitative fit test be repeated for an employee who continues to use a tight-fitting respirator?

  1. At least annually Correct answer.
  2. Every two years
  3. Only when the employee changes job sites
  4. Every six months

Explanation

The standard requires fit testing at least annually for employees who continue to use tight-fitting respirators. Additional fit testing is required if the employee reports a change in physical condition affecting the seal or if a different respirator model is used.

Question 48Worker Protection and Personal Protective Equipment

An employee wearing a tight-fitting respirator must be clean-shaven in the sealing area because facial hair:

  1. Interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal Correct answer.
  2. Causes the filter to clog faster
  3. Reduces the oxygen content inside the mask
  4. Traps asbestos fibers on the face

Explanation

Facial hair in the sealing surface prevents the respirator from achieving a reliable seal, allowing contaminated air to leak in. For this reason, employees who must wear tight-fitting respirators cannot have hair in the sealing area.

Question 49Worker Protection and Personal Protective Equipment

During the required user seal check before each use of a tight-fitting respirator, the wearer is verifying:

  1. That the exhalation valve is fully removed
  2. That the filter cartridges are within their service life
  3. That the facepiece forms an adequate seal on the face Correct answer.
  4. That the respirator has passed a quantitative fit test

Explanation

A user seal check is a quick positive- and negative-pressure check performed each time the respirator is donned to confirm the facepiece seals against the face. It does not replace the formal fit test.

Question 50Worker Protection and Personal Protective Equipment

Which item of protective clothing is required for employees performing Class I work involving more than 25 linear feet or 10 square feet of thermal system insulation or surfacing material?

  1. A cloth shop apron
  2. Disposable full-body coveralls with hood Correct answer.
  3. A hard hat with a face shield
  4. Waterproof boots only

Explanation

For larger Class I jobs, the standard requires full-body disposable coveralls with head and foot covering, along with respiratory protection. This reduces the potential for carrying asbestos fibers off the work area on clothing and skin.