Skin Care and Esthetics
What the exam tests
Know skin structure (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous), the layers of the epidermis (stratum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale), and functions of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands. Understand skin types (normal, dry, oily, combination, sensitive) and Fitzpatrick skin types for sun and treatment risk. Know the basic facial sequence, massage movements, exfoliation types (physical vs chemical: AHAs, BHAs), and the purpose of masks, toners, and moisturizers.
Traps to watch
Questions swap the epidermis (avascular, outer) with the dermis (contains blood vessels, nerves, collagen, elastin). Melanin is produced by melanocytes in the basal layer-not the dermis. Sensitive skin is not the same as dry skin. AHA (water-soluble, surface) differs from BHA (oil-soluble, pores). Do not diagnose skin disease; estheticians recognize and refer. Watch for "contraindication" questions-active infection, open lesions, or recent cosmetic procedures may mean no service.
Worked example
A client with oily, acne-prone skin asks for exfoliation. Rule of thumb: choose a chemical exfoliant such as salicylic acid (BHA) that penetrates oil-filled pores, avoid aggressive scrubs over inflamed lesions, and refer active cystic acne to a dermatologist.
Rule of thumb
Assess skin type and Fitzpatrick type before choosing products; when in doubt, gentler and refer.