Provimi i Shtetit - Mami flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Naegele's rule

Estimated due date = last menstrual period + 280 days. Adjust if cycle length differs from 28 days by adding or subtracting the difference.

Gravida and para

Gravida is the total number of pregnancies including current. Para is the number of births after 20 weeks or 500 grams.

Folic acid in pregnancy

400 micrograms daily before conception and through first trimester reduces neural tube defects. Higher dose 4–5 mg for prior affected pregnancy.

Rh immunoglobulin timing

Give 300 micrograms (1500 IU) at 28 weeks and within 72 hours postpartum if mother Rh-negative and newborn Rh-positive.

Active phase labor progress

Cervical dilation of at least 1 cm per hour from 5 cm onward. Arrest is no dilation for 2 hours despite adequate contractions.

Second stage duration limits

Nullipara up to 3 hours, multipara up to 2 hours. Add 1 hour if epidural analgesia is used.

Fetal heart rate categories

Category I: baseline 110–160, moderate variability, no late or variable decelerations. Category III includes absent variability with recurrent decelerations or bradycardia.

Active management third stage

Uterotonic (oxytocin 10 IU IM), controlled cord traction, and uterine massage reduce postpartum hemorrhage risk.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Blood loss of 500 mL or more after vaginal birth, 1000 mL or more after cesarean, or any loss causing hemodynamic instability.

Lochia types

Lochia rubra days 1–3 (red), serosa days 4–10 (pink-brown), alba after day 10 (white-yellow).

Newborn vital signs

Normal respiratory rate 40–60 per minute, heart rate 120–160 beats per minute, axillary temperature 36.5–37.5 degrees Celsius.

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

Screening tool for postpartum depression. Score of 10 or more or positive answer to question 10 requires further assessment.

Preeclampsia severe features

Blood pressure 160/110 or higher, platelets below 100,000, elevated liver enzymes, creatinine above 1.1, pulmonary edema, or visual/cerebral symptoms.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity

Signs include loss of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate below 12, and oliguria. Stop infusion and give calcium gluconate 1 g IV.

Gestational diabetes diagnosis

75 g oral glucose tolerance test: fasting 92 or higher, 1 hour 180 or higher, 2 hours 153 mg/dL or higher. Any one value abnormal.

Placenta previa

Painless vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks. Avoid digital vaginal examination. Confirm by ultrasound. Cesarean for complete previa.

Shoulder dystocia maneuvers

McRoberts, suprapubic pressure, internal rotation, delivery of posterior arm, and all-fours. Avoid fundal pressure.

Cord prolapse management

Call for help, knee-chest or Trendelenburg position, elevate presenting part manually, fill bladder if needed, immediate cesarean delivery.

Eclamptic seizure treatment

Protect airway, left lateral position, magnesium sulfate 4–6 g IV loading then 1–2 g per hour. Control blood pressure. Deliver after stabilization.

Newborn resuscitation ratio

Chest compressions if heart rate below 60 after 30 seconds effective ventilation. Compression to ventilation ratio 3:1.

Emergency contraception options

Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg within 72 hours, ulipristal 30 mg within 120 hours, or copper IUD within 5 days (most effective).

Combined pill contraindications

Smoking 15 or more cigarettes daily at age 35 or older, hypertension 160/100 or higher, history of DVT/PE, migraine with aura, breast cancer, severe liver disease.

Lactational amenorrhea method

Requires exclusive breastfeeding, amenorrhea, and infant under 6 months. 98% effective when all criteria are met.

Syphilis in pregnancy treatment

Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM is the only proven fetal treatment. Penicillin allergy requires desensitization.

Informed consent elements

Capacity, disclosure of risks and benefits and alternatives, and voluntariness. Document the discussion.

Mandatory reporting examples

Suspected child abuse or neglect, domestic violence per jurisdiction, and certain communicable diseases such as HIV per local law.

Documentation error correction

Draw a single line through the error, write initial and date, and add correct information. Never obliterate or use correction fluid.

Five rights of medication

Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time. Add documentation and reason for administration.

Oxytocin infusion risks

Uterine hyperstimulation and hyponatremia with high-volume IV. Titrate to 3–5 contractions in 10 minutes.

Methylergonovine contraindication

Contraindicated in hypertension and preeclampsia due to vasoconstriction. Dose 0.2 mg IM.

Hand hygiene five moments

Before patient contact, before aseptic task, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, after touching surroundings.

Clean delivery kit contents

Soap, clean gloves, sterile blade, cord ties, clean cloth. Supports clean hands, clean perineum, clean surface for safe motherhood.