Armenia Biology Unified Exam study guide
Armenia Biology Unified Exam · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The Armenian Biology Unified Exam is a standardized subject examination used in Armenia for admission to university programs in biology, medicine, pharmacy, veterinary science, agriculture and related fields. It is intended for secondary-school graduates and other candidates who need a verified biology score for higher-education admission. The Armenia Biology Unified Exam study guide has 10 sections and about 2,987 words.
01Cell Biology and Cytology
A candidate must know the cell theory, the prokaryote/eukaryote divide, and the structure–function pairing of every organelle: nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope with pores), rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, plastids, lysosomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, cytoskeleton (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules), and the cell-surface and cell-wall structures. Know the fluid-mosaic membrane model and the transport categories: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, primary and secondary active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis.
310 words, about 2 min02Metabolism and Energy Transformations
Understand metabolism as the sum of catabolic (energy-releasing) and anabolic (energy-consuming) reactions. Know ATP as the universal energy currency and the ATP/ADP cycle.
297 words, about 1 min03Genetics and Heredity
Know Mendel's laws: segregation of alleles and independent assortment of genes on different chromosomes. Use the vocabulary precisely: gene, allele, locus, genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis.
260 words, about 1 min04Molecular Biology and Gene Expression
Know the structure of DNA (double helix, antiparallel strands, complementary base pairing A–T, G–C, hydrogen bonds) and RNA (single-stranded, uracil replaces thymine). Master the central dogma: replication, transcription, translation.
266 words, about 1 min05Reproduction
Distinguish asexual reproduction (binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative propagation) from sexual reproduction (gamete fusion, genetic variation). Know gametogenesis: spermatogenesis and oogenesis, including meiosis and the unequal cytoplasmic division in oogenesis.
249 words, about 1 min06Ontogeny and Developmental Biology
Know ontogeny as individual development from zygote to adult. Understand cleavage, blastula, gastrula, and organogenesis.
237 words, about 1 min07Botany: Plant Structure, Physiology and Diversity
Know plant tissues: meristematic, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem. Know root, stem, and leaf structure and modifications.
226 words, about 1 min08Zoology: Animal Structure, Physiology and Diversity
Know the major animal phyla and their key features: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata. Understand body symmetry, coelom types, segmentation, and developmental patterns.
212 words, about 1 min09Human Anatomy and Physiology
Know the levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, systems. Master the major systems: skeletal, muscular, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune, and reproductive.
234 words, about 1 min10Evolution and Evolutionary Theory
Know the evidence for evolution: fossils, comparative anatomy (homologous and analogous structures), embryology, molecular biology, and biogeography. Understand Darwin's mechanism: variation, inheritance, differential reproduction, and natural selection.
696 words, about 3 min