Angola Army Military Academy Entrance Exam cheat sheet

Orthographic agreement (1990, in force in Angola since 2012): drop silent consonants when not pronounced (ação, ótimo); keep them when pronounced (facto, pacto).

Use of the hyphen: compounds whose elements are independent keep it (guarda-chuva, segunda-feira); prefix + noun/adjective generally joins (antiaéreo, contrarregra).

Crasis: definite article fuses with prepositions a, de, em, por (à, do, no, pelo); no crasis before masculine nouns, verbs, or proper names without article.

Verbal agreement with the subject; collective nouns (a maioria de) admit singular or plural, but not mixed within the same clause.

Crase is forbidden before: masculine words, infinitive verbs, indefinite pronouns, and most proper names of cities without article.

Direct object without preposition (Vi o comandante); indirect object with preposition (Obedeci ao comandante).

Regency: assistir a (to watch) vs assistir (to help); implicar em (colloquial) vs implicar (standard, no preposition).

Nominal agreement: adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun; predicative agrees with the subject.

Punctuation: comma separates coordinated clauses and appositives; never separates subject from verb or verb from its complement.

Quadratic formula: x = [−b ± √(b² − 4ac)] / (2a); discriminant Δ = b² − 4ac; Δ>0 two real roots, Δ=0 one double root, Δ<0 no real roots.

Sum and product of roots: S = −b/a, P = c/a.

Arithmetic progression: aₙ = a₁ + (n−1)d; sum Sₙ = n(a₁ + aₙ)/2.

Geometric progression: aₙ = a₁·qⁿ⁻¹; sum Sₙ = a₁(qⁿ−1)/(q−1), q≠1.

Pythagorean theorem: in a right triangle, a² + b² = c², where c is the hypotenuse.

Area formulas: triangle ½·b·h; circle πr²; trapezoid ½(a+b)h; cylinder volume πr²h.

Logarithms: log(ab)=log a + log b; log(a/b)=log a − log b; log(aⁿ)=n·log a; log_b a = ln a / ln b.

Trigonometric identity: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1; law of sines a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C.

Simple and compound interest: J = C·i·t; M = C(1+i)ᵗ.

Newton's second law: F = m·a; weight W = m·g, with g ≈ 9.8 m/s² on Earth.

Uniform motion: s = s₀ + v·t; uniformly accelerated: v = v₀ + a·t, s = s₀ + v₀t + ½at², v² = v₀² + 2aΔs.

Work and energy: W = F·d·cosθ; kinetic energy Eₖ = ½mv²; gravitational potential energy Eₚ = mgh.

Ohm's law: U = R·I; electric power P = U·I = I²R = U²/R.

Series resistors: R = R₁+R₂+…; parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ….

Density: ρ = m/V; pressure P = F/A; hydrostatic pressure P = ρgh.

Heat: Q = m·c·ΔT (sensible); Q = m·L (latent).

Wave relation: v = λ·f; speed of light in vacuum c ≈ 3×10⁸ m/s.

Conservation of mechanical energy: Eₖ + Eₚ = constant in the absence of friction.

Mole concept: n = m/M; one mole contains 6.02×10²³ particles (Avogadro's number).

Molar volume of an ideal gas at STP (0 °C, 1 atm) ≈ 22.4 L/mol.

pH = −log[H⁺]; pH<7 acidic, pH=7 neutral, pH>7 basic (at 25 °C).

Balancing equations obeys conservation of mass and charge; coefficients give molar ratios.

Periodic trends: atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group; electronegativity increases across a period.

Ionic bond forms between metal and non-metal via electron transfer; covalent bond shares electrons between non-metals.

Acid + base → salt + water (neutralization); acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas.

Oxidation is loss of electrons (increase in oxidation number); reduction is gain of electrons.

Ideal gas law: PV = nRT, with R ≈ 0.082 L·atm/(mol·K).

Angola gained independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975, proclaimed by Agostinho Neto.

The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) was founded in 1956; FNLA in 1962 and UNITA in 1966.

The Angolan Civil War (1975–2002) ended with the Luena Memorandum of Understanding, following the death of Jonas Savimbi in February 2002.

Luanda is the capital and largest city, located on the Atlantic coast in the northwest.

Angola borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north and northeast, Zambia to the east, and Namibia to the south.

The Kwanza River is the longest river entirely within Angola; the Zambezi forms part of the eastern border.

Angola's climate ranges from tropical humid in the north to semi-arid in the south (Namibe); the cold Benguela Current moderates the coast.

Main economic resources: petroleum (Cabinda, offshore), diamonds (Lunda provinces), and agriculture (coffee, cassava, maize).

Angola is a member of the African Union, SADC, and OPEC.

The National Flag has two horizontal bands, red (top) and black (bottom), with a yellow emblem of a machete, half gear wheel, and star.

Red symbolizes blood shed during liberation; black symbolizes the African continent; yellow symbolizes mineral wealth.

The National Anthem is 'Angola Avante!', adopted in 1975, with lyrics by Manuel Rui Monteiro and music by Rui Mingas.

The coat of arms features a machete and hoe crossed, a rising sun, a book, and the motto 'Virtus Unita Fortior' (Unity provides strength).

The Constitution of 2010 defines Angola as a democratic and unitary state with a presidential system.

Fundamental rights and duties include equality before the law, freedom of expression, and the duty to defend the homeland.

National service and defense of the country are constitutional duties of citizens.

Civic duties include respect for public property, payment of taxes, and participation in elections.

Present simple for habits and facts; third person singular adds -s (he works).

Present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) for actions happening now or temporary situations.

Past simple: regular verbs add -ed; irregular verbs must be memorized (go→went, see→saw).

Present perfect (have/has + past participle) links past action to present; used with since/for.

Conditionals: first (if + present, will + verb); second (if + past, would + verb); third (if + past perfect, would have + participle).

Passive voice: be + past participle (The order was given by the commander).

Comparatives: short adjectives add -er (taller); long adjectives use more (more intelligent); superlatives use -est or most.

Modal verbs: can (ability), must (obligation), should (advice), may (permission/possibility); followed by base verb.

Prepositions of time: in (months, years), on (days, dates), at (exact times).

Number series: check differences (arithmetic), ratios (geometric), or alternating patterns before concluding.

Syllogism rule: if All A are B and All B are C, then All A are C (transitivity).

Contrapositive: 'If P then Q' is logically equivalent to 'If not Q then not P'.

Converse ('If Q then P') is not equivalent to the original statement.

Odd-one-out items: identify the shared property (category, parity, number of letters) that excludes one option.

Analogy format A:B :: C:? - determine the relation (function, part-whole, opposite) and apply it to C.

Direction sense: track net displacement using cardinal axes; opposite of north is south, of east is west.

The United Nations was founded in 1945; its headquarters is in New York City.

Angola's currency is the kwanza (AOA); the capital of the African Union is Addis Ababa.

Body mass index: BMI = mass (kg) / height² (m²); normal range is approximately 18.5–24.9.

Cardiovascular endurance is commonly assessed by a timed run (e.g., 2,400 m or 12-minute Cooper test).

Muscular strength is assessed by push-ups and sit-ups within a fixed time (commonly 1 minute).

Flexibility is assessed by the sit-and-reach test measuring hamstring and lower-back range.

Speed is assessed by a 50 m or 100 m sprint; agility by shuttle runs.

Resting heart rate for a healthy adult is typically 60–100 beats per minute.

Maximum heart rate is estimated as 220 minus age (in years).

Warm-up before testing reduces injury risk and improves performance; cool-down aids recovery.

Normal adult resting blood pressure is approximately 120/80 mmHg; hypertension is generally ≥140/90 mmHg.

Normal body temperature is about 36.5–37.5 °C; fever is generally above 38 °C.

Visual acuity is commonly tested with the Snellen chart; 20/20 is normal vision.

Color vision is tested with Ishihara plates; deficiency disqualifies some military roles.

Hearing is assessed by audiometry; normal hearing threshold is up to 25 dB.

Psychological screening evaluates aptitude, emotional stability, and stress tolerance through structured interviews and tests.

Common disqualifying conditions include uncontrolled chronic disease, active infectious disease, and severe psychiatric disorders.

Informed consent and confidentiality are ethical requirements in medical and psychological assessment.