Angola Army Military Academy Entrance Exam flashcards

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Crase

The fusion of the preposition 'a' with the feminine definite article 'a' or with demonstratives, marked by a grave accent (à, àquele). It does not occur before masculine nouns or verbs.

Direct object

The complement of a transitive verb that receives the action without a preposition, as in 'O soldado carregou a arma' (The soldier carried the weapon).

Discriminant

The expression Δ = b² − 4ac in a quadratic equation. Its sign determines whether the equation has two, one, or no real roots.

Arithmetic progression

A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a constant difference d. The nth term is a₁ + (n−1)d.

Pythagorean theorem

In any right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c².

Newton's second law

The net force acting on a body equals its mass times its acceleration (F = m·a). Force and acceleration point in the same direction.

Ohm's law

The voltage across a conductor equals the product of its resistance and the current through it (U = R·I), at constant temperature.

Mechanical energy conservation

In the absence of friction or external work, the sum of kinetic and potential energy of a system remains constant during motion.

Mole

The amount of substance containing 6.02×10²³ elementary entities. Its mass in grams equals the molar mass of the substance.

pH scale

A logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration: pH = −log[H⁺]. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic.

Neutralization reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base producing a salt and water. The hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions combine to form water.

Angolan independence date

Angola became independent from Portugal on 11 November 1975, when the MPLA proclaimed the People's Republic of Angola with Agostinho Neto as president.

Luena Memorandum

The 2002 peace agreement between the Angolan government and UNITA that ended the civil war, following Jonas Savimbi's death in February 2002.

Kwanza River

The longest river entirely within Angola, flowing from the central plateau to the Atlantic Ocean north of Luanda, used for hydroelectric power.

Angolan flag colors

Red stands for blood shed in liberation, black for the African continent, and yellow for mineral wealth, shown in the machete, gear, and star emblem.

National anthem

'Angola Avante!' is the national anthem, adopted at independence in 1975, with lyrics by Manuel Rui Monteiro and music by Rui Mingas.

National motto

'Virtus Unita Fortior', meaning 'Unity provides strength', appears on Angola's coat of arms along with the machete, hoe, sun, and book.

Present perfect tense

Formed with have or has plus the past participle. It describes past actions connected to the present and is used with since or for.

Second conditional

Uses 'if' plus the past simple in the condition and 'would' plus the base verb in the result, expressing hypothetical or unlikely present situations.

Passive voice

Formed with the verb 'be' plus the past participle. It emphasizes the action or receiver rather than the doer, as in 'The order was given'.

Contrapositive

The statement 'If not Q then not P' is logically equivalent to 'If P then Q'. Unlike the converse, it preserves the original truth value.

Syllogism transitivity

A deductive rule: if all A are B and all B are C, then all A are C. The conclusion follows necessarily from the two premises.

Body mass index

A screening measure calculated as mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Values between 18.5 and 24.9 are considered normal.

Cooper test

A fitness test measuring the maximum distance run in 12 minutes, used to estimate cardiovascular endurance and maximal oxygen uptake.

Maximum heart rate

An estimate of the highest heart rate attainable during exercise, commonly calculated as 220 minus the person's age in years.

Snellen chart

A chart of letters in decreasing size used to measure visual acuity. Normal vision is recorded as 20/20 on the standard scale.

Blood pressure reading

Two values in mmHg: systolic pressure during heart contraction and diastolic pressure during relaxation. Normal adult values average about 120/80.

Ishihara plates

A color vision test using plates of colored dots. It detects red-green color blindness, which can disqualify candidates from certain military roles.

Adverbial subordinate clause

A clause introduced by a conjunction such as 'quando', 'porque', or 'se', expressing time, cause, or condition in relation to the main clause.

Law of sines

In any triangle, the ratio of each side to the sine of its opposite angle is constant: a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C.

Series and parallel resistors

In series, resistances add directly (R = R₁+R₂). In parallel, the reciprocals add (1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂), giving a smaller total resistance.

SADC membership

Angola belongs to the Southern African Development Community and the African Union, regional bodies promoting economic and political cooperation among member states.