AR Cosmetology flashcards
AR Cosmetology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- pH scale
- A measure of acidity or alkalinity ranging from 0 to 14, with 7 neutral; below 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline. Hair and skin are naturally acidic.
- Disulfide bond
- A strong chemical bond between sulfur atoms in hair keratin that gives hair strength and shape; broken by relaxers and perms and reformed during neutralization.
- Anagen phase
- The active growth phase of the hair cycle, lasting two to six years, during which hair grows about half an inch per month.
- Epidermis
- The outermost layer of the skin, composed of keratinized cells, that provides a protective barrier and contains melanocytes that produce pigment.
- Rule of nines
- A method for estimating burn surface area: each arm 9%, each leg 18%, trunk 36%, head 9%, and groin 1%, totaling 100%.
- Apex
- The highest point on the top of the head, used as a reference point in haircutting to determine the length and balance of a style.
- Developer volume
- The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in hair color, measured in volumes; 10 vol deposits, 20 vol lifts one level, 30 vol lifts two to three levels, 40 vol lifts three to four levels.
- Patch test
- A skin test for hair color or other products applied 24 to 48 hours before a service to detect an allergic reaction; redness or swelling is a positive result.
- Relaxer
- An alkaline chemical service that permanently straightens curly or wavy hair by breaking disulfide bonds; requires neutralization to reform the bonds in the new shape.
- Horizontal line
- A cutting line parallel to the floor that builds weight and length in a haircut; also called a blunt or one-length line.
- Porosity
- The ability of hair to absorb and retain moisture, determined by the condition of the cuticle; high porosity hair absorbs quickly but loses moisture easily.
- Fitzpatrick scale
- A classification of skin types I through VI based on sun sensitivity and burning tendency; type I always burns and type VI never burns.
- Effleurage
- A light, continuous stroking massage movement used in facials to relax muscles and improve circulation, performed with the palms and fingertips.
- Comedogenic
- A term describing products or ingredients that tend to clog pores and contribute to acne; noncomedogenic products are less likely to cause breakouts.
- AHA
- Alpha hydroxy acid, such as glycolic or lactic acid, used in exfoliating products to loosen dead skin cells and increase cell turnover.
- Contraindication
- A condition or circumstance that makes a treatment inadvisable, such as open lesions, sunburn, or recent surgery during a facial service.
- T-zone
- The central area of the face including the forehead, nose, and chin, which tends to be oilier than the cheeks and is assessed during skin analysis.
- Nail plate
- The visible, hard part of the nail composed of keratin, covering the nail bed and protecting the sensitive tissue beneath.
- Matrix
- The area of tissue at the base of the nail where new cells are produced, causing the nail to grow forward; damage can cause permanent deformity.
- Lunula
- The whitish, half-moon-shaped area at the base of the nail plate, visible through the transparent nail and part of the matrix.
- Onychomycosis
- A fungal infection of the nail that causes thickening, discoloration, and separation; it is a disease requiring medical referral, not a cosmetology service.
- Monomer
- The liquid component of acrylic nail systems that, when mixed with polymer powder, forms a hard, durable nail enhancement.
- Pedicure
- A cosmetic service for the feet and toenails that includes soaking, exfoliation, nail shaping, cuticle care, massage, and polish application.
- Disinfection
- The process of destroying most microorganisms on surfaces and implements using EPA-registered hospital-grade disinfectants; does not kill all bacterial spores.
- Sterilization
- The complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores, usually achieved with an autoclave; required for items that contact broken skin.
- OSHA
- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which enforces workplace safety rules including bloodborne pathogen standards and hazard communication.
- Arkansas licensure hours
- Arkansas requires 1,500 hours of cosmetology training and a passing state board exam to obtain a cosmetology license.
- Continuing education
- Required coursework for license renewal to keep professionals updated on safety, sanitation, and industry practices; Arkansas may require it for renewal.
- Client record
- A confidential file of client information, services performed, and products used; it must be kept private and retained according to state rules.
- Blood spill procedure
- Wear gloves, clean the area with an EPA-registered disinfectant, and dispose of contaminated materials properly to prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission.
- Arkansas State Board
- The regulatory body that enforces cosmetology laws, issues licenses, inspects salons, and can fine or suspend licenses for violations.
- Material Safety Data Sheet
- A document provided by manufacturers that lists chemical hazards, safe handling, and emergency procedures for products used in the salon.