AR Land Surveyor flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Adverse possession period Arkansas
- In Arkansas, adverse possession requires 7 years of actual, open, notorious, exclusive, hostile, and continuous possession under color of title (Ark. Code Ann. § 18-11-106).
- Recording statute Arkansas
- Arkansas is a race-notice state: a subsequent purchaser who records first and takes without notice of prior unrecorded interests prevails (Ark. Code Ann. § 14-15-404).
- Boundary by acquiescence
- A boundary line established by mutual recognition and acquiescence of adjoining landowners for a period sufficient to bar an action (often 7 years) is binding even if not the deed line.
- Arkansas survey minimum standards
- Arkansas Minimum Standards for Property Boundary Surveys (Ark. Code Ann. § 17-48-101 et seq.) set requirements for monumentation, accuracy, and plat content.
- Monument prevails over distance
- In boundary retracement, natural monuments control over artificial monuments, which control over courses and distances, which control over area.
- Proportionate measurement PLSS
- A method to restore lost corners in the Public Land Survey System by distributing the discrepancy in original measurements proportionally along the line between identified corners.
- Riparian boundary thread of stream
- For non-navigable streams, the boundary typically follows the thread (middle) of the stream; accretion belongs to the riparian owner, avulsion does not change the boundary.
- Original monument presumption
- A monument set by the original surveyor is presumed to be correct and controls the boundary unless proven to be in error or misplaced.
- Traverse closure precision
- Linear error of closure = sqrt((Σdepartures)^2 + (Σlatitudes)^2); relative precision = linear error / total perimeter, often expressed as 1:N.
- Latitude and departure formulas
- Latitude = distance × cos(azimuth); Departure = distance × sin(azimuth). These are used to compute coordinates in a traverse.
- Area by coordinate method
- Twice the area = Σ(X_i * Y_{i+1} - X_{i+1} * Y_i) for a closed polygon; take the absolute value and divide by 2 (shoelace formula).
- Horizontal distance from slope
- Horizontal distance = slope distance × cos(vertical angle), where vertical angle is measured from the horizontal.
- Curve radius from degree
- For arc definition, R = 5729.578 / D, where D is the degree of curve (central angle subtended by a 100-ft arc).
- Combined scale factor
- Combined factor = grid scale factor × elevation factor; used to convert between ground distances and grid distances in state plane coordinates.
- Arkansas State Plane zones
- Arkansas has two state plane zones: North Zone (FIPS 0301) uses Lambert Conformal Conic; South Zone (FIPS 0302) uses Transverse Mercator.
- Geoid height relation
- Orthometric height H = ellipsoidal height h - geoid height N; GEOID18 is used to convert GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights to NAVD88 orthometric heights.
- Grid azimuth vs geodetic
- Geodetic azimuth = grid azimuth + convergence angle; convergence is the angle between grid north and true north at a point.
- NAD83 and NAVD88
- NAD83 is the horizontal datum and NAVD88 is the vertical datum used for surveying in Arkansas and most of the United States.
- UTM zones in Arkansas
- Arkansas spans UTM zones 14, 15, and 16; UTM uses Transverse Mercator with a central meridian scale factor of 0.9996.
- Plat content requirements
- A subdivision plat must show bearings and distances, curve data, lot areas, monument locations, and certificates of survey and dedication.
- Plat approval and recording
- In Arkansas, subdivision plats require approval by the local planning commission and must be recorded with the circuit clerk (Ark. Code Ann. § 14-56-401 et seq.).
- Metes and bounds closure
- A metes and bounds description must be self-contained and close within an acceptable precision, typically 1:10,000 or better.
- Easement depiction on plat
- Easements and rights-of-way must be clearly shown on plats with widths, bearings, and purpose indicated.
- Lot area calculation
- Lot areas are computed using the coordinate method (shoelace formula) from the lot corners; verify closure before computing area.
- Conflict of interest disclosure
- Surveyors must avoid conflicts of interest and disclose any potential conflicts to clients and employers in writing.
- Confidentiality obligation
- Surveyors must not disclose confidential client information without consent, except as required by law or court order.
- Competence in assignments
- Surveyors should only accept work within their expertise or after obtaining the necessary knowledge and skills to perform competently.
- Written contract elements
- A professional services contract should define scope, deliverables, schedule, fee structure, and standard of care.
- Arkansas CPC requirement
- Arkansas requires 15 professional development hours (PDH) per biennial renewal period for licensed surveyors.
- Mechanic's lien for surveyors
- Surveyors may file a mechanic's lien for unpaid services under Ark. Code Ann. § 18-44-101 et seq., subject to statutory deadlines.
- Professional liability insurance
- Errors and omissions (E&O) insurance is recommended but not mandatory for licensure in Arkansas; it covers negligent acts.
- Ethical reporting of violations
- Surveyors have an ethical duty to report known violations of the licensure law or code of ethics to the Arkansas State Board.