I85PREP
⌘ K
AR Land Surveyor study materials
AR Land Surveyor study resources

AR Land Surveyor practice questions

One question at a time. Build your AR Land Surveyor understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, the statutory minimum standards for land surveys performed by licensed surveyors are established primarily to protect which interest?

  1. The title insurance industry's underwriting process
  2. The county assessor's tax mapping program
  3. The public welfare through reliable boundary and location information Correct answer.
  4. The surveyor's liability insurance carrier

Explanation

Minimum standards statutes exist to safeguard the public by ensuring surveys are accurate, complete, and usable by the public and by other professionals. They are not enacted for the benefit of insurers or tax officials.

Question 2Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Which entity in Arkansas is responsible for licensing land surveyors and regulating their professional conduct?

  1. The county circuit court
  2. The Arkansas Real Estate Commission
  3. The Arkansas State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors Correct answer.
  4. The Arkansas Department of Transportation

Explanation

Professional surveyor licensure and discipline in Arkansas are administered by the state board that licenses both engineers and surveyors. The board adopts rules and minimum standards and hears complaints.

Question 3Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A surveyor who is licensed in another state wishes to perform boundary surveys in Arkansas on a recurring basis. What is generally required?

  1. Obtaining an Arkansas license through the board's comity or reciprocity process Correct answer.
  2. Notifying the Arkansas board by letter before the first survey
  3. Posting a bond with the circuit court in each county of work
  4. Registering only with the county clerk where each survey is performed

Explanation

Practice of land surveying in Arkansas requires an Arkansas license; out-of-state licensees typically qualify through comity or reciprocity under board rules. County registration or court bonding is not the mechanism for licensure.

Question 4Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Under the general rule applied in Arkansas boundary law, a conveyance of land that fails to state any quantity or dimensions is:

  1. Valid if the boundaries can be located from the description Correct answer.
  2. Enforceable only as a tenancy at will
  3. Voidable at the grantee's election
  4. Void because acreage must always be stated

Explanation

Quantity is generally the least reliable element of a description and may be omitted; the writing is sufficient if the land can be identified and located. Acreage statements are not essential to a valid conveyance.

Question 5Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

When the elements of a deed description conflict, Arkansas courts generally rank which of the following as controlling over the others?

  1. Courses and distances recited in the deed
  2. The adjoiner's deed of record
  3. Natural monuments called for in the deed Correct answer.
  4. The stated area in acres

Explanation

The traditional hierarchy gives natural monuments the greatest weight, followed by artificial monuments, then courses and distances, and finally area. Area yields to all other calls when they conflict.

Question 6Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A deed describes the parcel as beginning at an iron pin set at the northeast corner of the grantor's land, thence south 200 feet, thence west 150 feet, thence north 200 feet, thence east 150 feet to the point of beginning. The pin is found, but the south line measures 158 feet. Which call controls the southerly extent?

  1. The measured 158 feet as the true line
  2. The area computed from the deed
  3. The course and distance call of 150 feet Correct answer.
  4. The monument at the point of beginning only

Explanation

Where a monument establishes the starting point but no monument is called for at the conflicting line, courses and distances control over the computed area. The measured distance is evidence but does not itself rewrite the deed call.

Question 7Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Adverse possession in Arkansas requires, among other elements, that the possession be:

  1. Open and notorious, regardless of continuity
  2. Permissive and continuous for the statutory period
  3. Actual and exclusive only, with no requirement of hostility
  4. Actual, open, notorious, exclusive, hostile, and continuous for the statutory period Correct answer.

Explanation

Arkansas follows the common-law elements: actual, open and notorious, exclusive, hostile, and continuous for the statutory period. All elements must be satisfied before title vests.

Question 8Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

What is the statutory period for adverse possession of privately held land in Arkansas?

  1. Fifteen years
  2. Seven years Correct answer.
  3. Ten years
  4. Twenty years

Explanation

Arkansas provides a seven-year period for adverse possession where the statutory requirements, including color of title and payment of taxes in the statutory form, are met. Longer periods apply to other actions such as recovery of real property.

Question 9Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A riparian owner along a navigable river in Arkansas generally holds title to which portion of the bed?

  1. To the centerline subject to a public easement
  2. To the thread of the stream
  3. Nothing; the state holds the bed of navigable streams in trust for the public Correct answer.
  4. To the ordinary high water mark only for mineral purposes

Explanation

Arkansas follows the equal-footing doctrine under which beds of navigable waters passed to the state at statehood and are held in trust for public use. Riparian owners do not take title to the bed of a navigable stream.

Question 10Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

For a non-navigable stream, the general rule in Arkansas is that a riparian owner's boundary extends to:

  1. The thread or center of the stream Correct answer.
  2. The low water mark on the opposite bank
  3. The ordinary high water mark on the owner's side
  4. The nearest meander line

Explanation

On non-navigable streams, riparian proprietors generally own to the thread of the stream, subject to the reasonable use of other riparians. The state's trust title does not attach to non-navigable beds.

Question 11Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Accretion along a riparian boundary is best described as:

  1. A boundary line fixed by a recorded plat
  2. Gradual and imperceptible addition of land by natural action of water Correct answer.
  3. Sudden change of a stream channel leaving a parcel cut off
  4. Deliberate filling of a riverbank by the owner

Explanation

Accretion is the slow, imperceptible deposit of soil by water, and the riparian owner gains title to the addition. Sudden avulsion does not change boundaries.

Question 12Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A river suddenly abandons its channel and cuts a new course, leaving a parcel separated from the main flow. Under Arkansas law, the boundary of the affected parcel generally:

  1. Moves to the new channel automatically
  2. Remains at the old channel location Correct answer.
  3. Is extinguished by the state's trust title
  4. Is redrawn along the new thread of the stream

Explanation

Avulsion, a sudden and perceptible change in a stream, does not alter established boundaries. The boundary stays where the old channel lay.

Question 13Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A surveyor discovers that a monument called for in a deed does not exist and cannot be found after diligent search. The best professional response is to:

  1. Reestablish the position using the remaining calls and record the reasoning and evidence Correct answer.
  2. Ignore the missing call and report only measured distances
  3. Substitute a new monument at a convenient location without documentation
  4. Refuse to complete the survey until the original monument is located

Explanation

When a called-for monument is missing, the surveyor applies the remaining elements of the description and documents the evidence and reasoning used to reestablish the position. Undocumented substitution is not acceptable practice.

Question 14Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, the recording of a survey plat in the county records generally serves which function for a boundary survey?

  1. Guaranteeing the accuracy of every measurement shown
  2. Establishing the surveyor as the legal owner of the monuments
  3. Transferring title to the surveyed land to the surveyor's client
  4. Providing constructive notice of the survey and its monumentation to later parties Correct answer.

Explanation

Recording gives public notice of the survey and its monumented corners so that subsequent purchasers and surveyors can rely on it. Recording does not itself convey title or guarantee accuracy.

Question 15Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A surveyor is asked to retrace a boundary described by a metes-and-bounds deed. The first call begins at a large oak tree that no longer exists, and no record of its position exists. The most defensible approach is to:

  1. Decline to perform any retracement
  2. Choose the location most favorable to the client
  3. Use the best available evidence and clearly disclose the uncertainty in the survey report Correct answer.
  4. Set the corner at the deed's computed position without comment

Explanation

Where a controlling monument is lost without record, the surveyor must weigh available evidence and document the uncertainty so the client and later users understand the basis. Advocacy for a client's preferred result is improper.

Question 16Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

The professional standard of care for an Arkansas land surveyor is best described as:

  1. Whatever standard the client specifies in the contract
  2. The degree of care and skill ordinarily exercised by competent surveyors under similar circumstances Correct answer.
  3. Absolute accuracy of every measurement regardless of cost
  4. The highest standard attainable with the most advanced equipment

Explanation

Negligence is measured against what a reasonably competent surveyor would do under similar conditions. The standard is not perfection, and a client cannot contract around professional duties.

Question 17Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Which document typically establishes a surveyor's scope of services, deliverables, and limitations for a boundary survey?

  1. The state board's disciplinary record
  2. A written contract or engagement agreement between surveyor and client Correct answer.
  3. The surveyor's professional license certificate
  4. The county's general plan

Explanation

The contract defines what the surveyor will and will not do, the products to be delivered, and known limitations. This protects both parties and prevents misunderstandings about scope.

Question 18Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

An easement described in a deed as "a right of way 30 feet wide" across a parcel, with no further location given, is generally:

  1. Void for vagueness because the centerline is not stated
  2. Limited to a width of 10 feet by statute
  3. Valid, with the location fixed by the parties' use or by a court if they cannot agree Correct answer.
  4. Convertible to a fee by the servient owner's election

Explanation

A described width without a stated location still creates a valid easement; the location is established by the parties' conduct or, failing agreement, by judicial determination. Lack of a centerline call does not defeat the grant.

Question 19Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A boundary line between two parcels has been treated by both owners as the true line for many years, with improvements placed accordingly. This situation is most closely associated with which doctrine?

  1. Prescriptive easement
  2. Eminent domain
  3. Dedication
  4. Boundary by agreement or acquiescence Correct answer.

Explanation

Where adjoining owners treat a line as the boundary and act on it, courts may honor the line under boundary by agreement or acquiescence. This differs from a prescriptive easement, which involves use of another's land.

Question 20Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A landowner whose land is bordered by a non-navigable lake generally owns:

  1. Only to the high water mark, with the state owning the bed
  2. No land beyond the meander line shown on an old survey
  3. The entire lake bed if the lake is small
  4. To the center of the lake, subject to the rights of other riparian owners Correct answer.

Explanation

For non-navigable lakes, riparian owners typically own to the center, sharing rights with other owners around the lake. State trust title applies to navigable waters.

Question 21Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

The Arkansas statutory minimum standards for land surveys typically require that a survey map or plat show which of the following?

  1. The location and description of monuments set or found Correct answer.
  2. The assessed value of the parcel
  3. The surveyor's fee schedule
  4. The names of the adjoining owners' lenders

Explanation

Minimum standards require surveys to depict the monuments found or set so that corners can be located later. Financial and assessment details are not part of the required survey content.

Question 22Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A surveyor discovers during fieldwork that a neighbor's fence encroaches several feet onto the client's land. The surveyor should:

  1. Report the matter only to the neighbor
  2. Omit the encroachment to avoid conflict
  3. Move the fence line on the plat to the deed line
  4. Show the encroachment on the survey and inform the client Correct answer.

Explanation

The surveyor's duty is to accurately depict conditions found and to inform the client of the encroachment. Concealing or altering the depiction would misrepresent the survey.

Question 23Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Which of the following best describes the role of a corner record or perpetuation document filed with the county in Arkansas?

  1. It replaces the deed description for the parcel
  2. It authorizes the surveyor to practice in that county
  3. It preserves evidence of a corner's location for future retracement Correct answer.
  4. It transfers ownership of the corner to the county

Explanation

Corner records preserve monument evidence so later surveyors can retrace boundaries reliably. They do not convey title, replace deeds, or confer practice authority.

Question 24Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A deed conveys "all that land lying east of the county road and west of the creek, containing 40 acres." A dispute arises because the road and creek run obliquely. The controlling boundary calls are:

  1. The road and the creek as natural and artificial monuments Correct answer.
  2. A straight line due north from the road
  3. The center of the described area
  4. The stated 40 acres

Explanation

The road and creek are monuments that bound the parcel; the acreage statement is the least reliable element and yields to them. The described physical features control the extent of the land conveyed.

Question 25Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A surveyor is asked to set a corner for a parcel where the deed calls for a stone at the intersection of two section lines, but the stone is missing. The most appropriate action is to:

  1. Set a corner at the client's requested location
  2. Use record evidence and proportionate measurement to reestablish the position and document the basis Correct answer.
  3. Set the corner at the nearest convenient intersection
  4. Leave the corner unset and note that the deed is void

Explanation

When a called-for monument is missing, the surveyor reestablishes the position using record evidence and proportionate measurement and documents the basis. Convenience or client preference is not a valid basis for corner location.

Question 26Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, the primary statutory authority under which the State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors regulates the practice of land surveying is which of the following?

  1. Arkansas Code Title 18, Chapter 12
  2. Arkansas Code Title 22, Chapter 9
  3. Arkansas Code Title 17, Chapter 30 Correct answer.
  4. Arkansas Code Title 14, Chapter 15

Explanation

The Arkansas Code Title 17, Chapter 30, often referred to as the Arkansas Engineering and Surveying Practice Act, establishes the State Board and sets the licensing requirements and regulatory framework for professional surveyors. Other titles address different subjects such as local government or property law.

Question 27Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Under Arkansas law, which of the following is required for a person to legally practice land surveying or offer land surveying services to the public?

  1. A license issued by the State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors Correct answer.
  2. A business license from the county clerk
  3. A certificate of registration from the Arkansas Real Estate Commission
  4. A permit from the Arkansas Department of Transportation

Explanation

Arkansas law requires that individuals practicing land surveying be licensed by the State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors. The Board administers exams, issues licenses, and enforces the practice act.

Question 28Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, which of the following is a fundamental canon of professional conduct for a licensed land surveyor?

  1. Maximize the profitability of each survey project regardless of client interests
  2. Delegate all professional decisions to the client
  3. Accept every survey commission offered to avoid competition
  4. Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public in the performance of professional duties Correct answer.

Explanation

The professional conduct rules for Arkansas surveyors include the obligation to protect the public's safety, health, and welfare. This canon is a core ethical duty and appears in the Board's rules of professional conduct.

Question 29Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

When a surveyor is licensed in Arkansas, the license authorizes the surveyor to perform which of the following?

  1. Practice only under the direct supervision of a professional engineer
  2. Practice only after obtaining a separate permit for each project from the Board
  3. Practice only in the county where the surveyor resides
  4. Practice land surveying throughout the state, subject to the Board's rules Correct answer.

Explanation

A professional surveyor license in Arkansas is a statewide license that allows the holder to practice land surveying anywhere in the state, provided they comply with the Board's statutes and rules. No county-by-county licensing exists.

Question 30Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Under Arkansas law, a surveyor who discovers an error in a previously recorded survey plat that the surveyor prepared should take which action?

  1. Record a corrected plat or certificate of correction in the same office where the original plat was recorded Correct answer.
  2. Quietly ignore the error if no one has complained
  3. Wait until the next survey of the parcel to address the error
  4. Notify only the original client and take no further action

Explanation

Arkansas statutes and Board rules require that when a surveyor discovers a material error in a recorded plat, the surveyor should prepare and record a corrected plat or certificate of correction to ensure the public record is accurate.

Question 31Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, when a surveyor sets a new monument at a property corner, the surveyor is generally required to do which of the following?

  1. Notify the Arkansas State Board of Licensure immediately by telephone
  2. Record the monument location only in the surveyor's field notes
  3. File a corner record or monument record with the county recorder within a specified time Correct answer.
  4. Obtain approval from the adjacent property owner before setting the monument

Explanation

Arkansas law requires surveyors to file a record of monuments set or found with the county recorder so that future surveyors and the public have a permanent record of boundary evidence. This is often called a corner record or monument record.

Question 32Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, a surveyor's failure to comply with the mandatory standards for land surveys may result in which of the following?

  1. Criminal prosecution by the county sheriff
  2. Automatic invalidation of all previously recorded plats by the surveyor
  3. Disciplinary action by the State Board, including fines or license suspension Correct answer.
  4. Loss of the surveyor's right to vote in local elections

Explanation

The State Board has the authority to impose disciplinary sanctions, such as fines, reprimands, or license suspension, for violations of the practice act and Board rules, including noncompliance with survey standards.

Question 33Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

When a surveyor is asked to retrace a boundary that was established by a previous survey, Arkansas courts generally give the highest weight to which of the following types of evidence?

  1. The surveyor's current measurements using GPS
  2. The area stated in the deed
  3. Original monuments set by the prior surveyor that are found in place Correct answer.
  4. The distances and bearings recited in the deed

Explanation

Arkansas follows the general rule that original monuments control over courses and distances, and courses and distances control over area. Found original monuments are the best evidence of the original boundary location.

Question 34Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, if a deed description is ambiguous, a court will generally interpret the ambiguity against which party?

  1. The grantor who drafted the deed Correct answer.
  2. The county recorder who accepted the deed for record
  3. The surveyor who retraces the boundary
  4. The grantee who accepted the deed

Explanation

Under the contra proferentem rule, ambiguities in a deed are construed against the party who drafted the instrument, typically the grantor. This rule encourages clear drafting and protects the grantee.

Question 35Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

Which of the following best describes the legal effect of recording a deed in Arkansas?

  1. It transfers title automatically without delivery
  2. It eliminates the need for a survey of the property
  3. It guarantees the accuracy of the deed's boundary description
  4. It gives constructive notice to subsequent purchasers and creditors Correct answer.

Explanation

Recording a deed in the county recorder's office provides constructive notice to the world of the grantee's interest, which is essential for priority under the recording statutes. Recording does not validate the deed's contents or replace delivery.

Question 36Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, a surveyor who is not licensed but performs surveying work under the direct supervision of a licensed surveyor is known as which of the following?

  1. A licensed land surveyor
  2. A professional surveyor
  3. A surveyor-in-training or survey intern Correct answer.
  4. A registered land surveyor

Explanation

Arkansas recognizes surveyors-in-training or interns who work under the supervision of a licensed surveyor while gaining experience. They may not practice independently or offer surveying services directly to the public.

Question 37Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A surveyor is preparing a plat for a subdivision in Arkansas. Which of the following must the plat typically include to comply with state and local requirements?

  1. The names of all adjacent property owners within one mile
  2. A certificate of title from an attorney
  3. The surveyor's seal, signature, and date Correct answer.
  4. A topographic contour map with one-foot intervals

Explanation

Arkansas law and Board rules require that subdivision plats and survey maps bear the professional surveyor's seal, signature, and date to certify the work. Other items may be required by local ordinance but are not universally mandated by state statute.

Question 38Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, when a boundary line has been located by a surveyor and the adjoining landowners subsequently agree to accept that line as the true boundary, the doctrine that may bind them and their successors is known as:

  1. Adverse possession
  2. Estoppel by deed
  3. Boundary by agreement Correct answer.
  4. Prescription

Explanation

Boundary by agreement (also called boundary by acquiescence or practical location) arises when adjoining owners agree to a line and treat it as the boundary for a period of time. In Arkansas, such an agreement can be binding on the parties and their successors.

Question 39Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

A surveyor in Arkansas is asked to survey a parcel that is the subject of a pending lawsuit. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the surveyor?

  1. Proceed with the survey but avoid giving legal advice or opinions on title Correct answer.
  2. Provide a legal opinion on the likely outcome of the case
  3. Refuse to perform any survey until the lawsuit is resolved
  4. Contact the judge to obtain permission before surveying

Explanation

Surveyors may perform surveys for parcels in litigation, but they must limit their work to surveying and not offer legal advice or title opinions, which are the province of attorneys. They may be called as expert witnesses.

Question 40Legal Principles and Arkansas Survey Law

In Arkansas, a surveyor who discovers that a monument set by a previous surveyor is in the wrong location but has been relied upon by landowners for many years should generally:

  1. Recognize that the long-established monument may control the boundary under the doctrine of practical location Correct answer.
  2. Immediately remove the monument and set a new one at the mathematically correct location
  3. Ignore the discrepancy and use the monument as if it were correct
  4. Report the previous surveyor to the Board for negligence

Explanation

Arkansas courts may apply the doctrine of practical location or boundary by acquiescence to uphold long-standing monuments that have been treated as the boundary, even if they differ from the original survey. Surveyors must consider such legal doctrines when retracing boundaries.

Question 41Boundary Determination and Retracement

Under the public land survey system, what does a township designation such as T3N, R4W indicate?

  1. The township lies 3 townships north of the baseline and 4 ranges west of the principal meridian Correct answer.
  2. The township lies 4 townships north of the baseline and 3 ranges west of the principal meridian
  3. The township is 3 miles north of the baseline and 4 miles west of the meridian
  4. The township contains 3 sections north of the baseline and 4 sections west of the meridian

Explanation

Township numbers count north or south of the baseline, and range numbers count east or west of the principal meridian. T3N therefore means the third township tier north of the baseline, and R4W means the fourth range column west of the meridian.

Question 42Boundary Determination and Retracement

In the public land survey system, a standard section of land contains how many acres?

  1. 320 acres
  2. 160 acres
  3. 640 acres Correct answer.
  4. 1,280 acres

Explanation

A standard section is one mile square, enclosing one square mile, and a square mile equals 640 acres. Subdivisions such as the half-section (320 acres) and quarter-section (160 acres) are derived from that base.

Question 43Boundary Determination and Retracement

Which term describes an original government survey corner that has been lost and whose position must be reestablished by reference to the original record?

  1. A witness corner
  2. A meander corner
  3. A calculated corner
  4. A reestablished corner Correct answer.

Explanation

When an original monument is destroyed or lost, the corner position is reestablished from the original survey record and evidence. The other listed terms describe corners set during the original survey for specific purposes.

Question 44Boundary Determination and Retracement

What is the primary purpose of a monument in boundary surveying?

  1. To identify the owner of the adjoining parcel
  2. To record the bearing of each boundary line
  3. To compute the area enclosed by the boundary
  4. To mark the physical location of a boundary corner on the ground Correct answer.

Explanation

A monument is a physical object placed to mark and preserve a boundary corner location on the ground. Bearings, areas, and ownership are separate matters recorded or determined by other means.

Question 45Boundary Determination and Retracement

When a deed calls for a boundary to run along a named creek, which rule of construction generally governs that call?

  1. The courses and distances prevail over the call for the creek
  2. The call for area prevails over the call for the creek
  3. The call for the creek is disregarded if it conflicts with an adjoining deed
  4. The call for the creek prevails over courses and distances Correct answer.

Explanation

Natural monuments such as rivers and creeks are considered the most certain and permanent evidence of a boundary. When a natural monument call conflicts with courses and distances, the natural monument generally controls.

Question 46Boundary Determination and Retracement

What does the term 'adverse possession' refer to in boundary law?

  1. A survey technique for locating lost corners by proportion
  2. A procedure for correcting a scrivener's error in a deed
  3. A method of acquiring title by open, hostile, and continuous possession for the statutory period Correct answer.
  4. A doctrine that always favors the recorded deed over occupation

Explanation

Adverse possession allows a person to acquire title to land through open, notorious, hostile, exclusive, and continuous possession for the period set by statute. It is a doctrine of title, not a surveying method.

Question 47Boundary Determination and Retracement

A bearing of N 45° E is equivalent to which azimuth?

  1. 315°
  2. 225°
  3. 135°
  4. 45° Correct answer.

Explanation

Azimuths are measured clockwise from north. A northeast bearing of 45 degrees east of north equals an azimuth of 45 degrees.

Question 48Boundary Determination and Retracement

What is a 'meander line' in the public land survey system?

  1. A line run to determine the approximate position of a water boundary for area purposes Correct answer.
  2. A line that marks the exact center of a navigable river
  3. A line that fixes the true ownership boundary along a lake
  4. A line that divides a section into quarter-sections

Explanation

Meander lines are run along the banks of navigable waters to determine the approximate quantity of upland for area computation. They are generally not the boundary of ownership; the water itself is the boundary.

Question 49Boundary Determination and Retracement

A deed describes a parcel as the 'SW 1/4 of the NE 1/4 of Section 12.' What area does this aliquot part represent?

  1. 160 acres
  2. 20 acres
  3. 40 acres Correct answer.
  4. 80 acres

Explanation

Each successive quartering halves the area. A quarter of a quarter of a quarter of a 640-acre section is 640 divided by 4 three times, which equals 40 acres.

Question 50Boundary Determination and Retracement

A surveyor finds that a deed's courses and distances close with a small error, but a called-for iron pin is found at one corner. How should the surveyor treat the discrepancy?

  1. Hold the called-for iron pin, since a called monument generally controls over courses and distances Correct answer.
  2. Hold the distances and ignore the iron pin
  3. Disregard the iron pin because the deed math does not close perfectly
  4. Adjust the iron pin position by proportioning the closure error

Explanation

In the hierarchy of boundary evidence, a monument called for in the deed generally controls over courses and distances. A minor closure error in the deed description does not defeat a found called monument.