Meteorology (Meteorologia)
Meteorology questions test your ability to read the atmosphere and its hazards. Know the standard atmosphere (ISA: 15 °C and 1013.25 hPa at sea level, lapse rate 2 °C per 1000 ft), the difference between QNH, QFE, and QNE, and how pressure and temperature affect altimeter readings. Study cloud types and their associated weather (cumulonimbus for thunderstorms, stratus for low ceilings), the formation of fog and frost, and the hazards of icing, turbulence, wind shear, and microbursts. Understand fronts - cold fronts bring rapid, violent weather; warm fronts bring gradual, widespread precipitation - and the meaning of METAR and TAF reports.
Traps are common with altimetry and with decoding reports. "High to low, look out below" reminds you that flying from high pressure to low pressure without resetting the altimeter makes the true altitude lower than indicated. A cold-front passage is often misidentified as warm; remember the sharp temperature drop and wind shift. When reading a METAR, distinguish prevailing visibility from the lowest layer of broken/overcast cloud, and remember that TAF is a forecast, not an observation. Icing questions favor the −0 to −20 °C range in visible moisture.
Rule of thumb: "High to low, look out below; low to high, plenty of sky." Worked example: flying from a 1020 hPa area toward a 1000 hPa area at the same indicated altitude, your true altitude drops - reset the altimeter to the local QNH to stay safe.