Arab Board Ob/Gyn Final Written flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Naegele's rule

Estimated delivery date is calculated as first day of last menstrual period plus 280 days, or 9 months and 7 days.

Active phase arrest

In active labor, arrest is diagnosed when cervical dilation is at least 6 cm with ruptured membranes and adequate contractions, with no cervical change for 4 hours.

Shoulder dystocia first steps

Call for help, then perform McRoberts maneuver with suprapubic pressure; avoid fundal pressure because it increases impaction and risk of brachial plexus injury.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Blood loss of 1000 mL or more, or blood loss with signs of hypovolemia, within 24 hours after birth regardless of delivery mode.

Magnesium sulfate eclampsia dosing

Loading dose 4-6 g intravenous over 15-20 minutes, then 1-2 g per hour; monitor respiratory rate, deep tendon reflexes, and urine output.

Pre-eclampsia severe features

Blood pressure 160/110 mmHg or higher, platelets below 100,000, liver enzymes twice normal, creatinine above 1.1, pulmonary edema, or cerebral/visual symptoms.

Antiphospholipid syndrome treatment

Low-dose aspirin plus prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin during pregnancy reduces thrombosis and pregnancy loss in confirmed antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

Gestational diabetes screening thresholds

After 50 g glucose load, a 1-hour value of 140 mg/dL or higher warrants a 100 g 3-hour test; Carpenter-Coustan cutoffs are 95, 180, 155, and 140.

Cervical cancer screening intervals

Start cytology at age 21; ages 30-65 may have co-testing every 5 years; stop screening after age 65 with adequate prior negative results.

Ovarian cancer debulking goal

Optimal cytoreduction leaves no residual tumor nodule greater than 1 cm; complete resection to no visible disease confers the best survival.

GTN low-risk treatment

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with FIGO score of 6 or less is low risk and treated with single-agent methotrexate or actinomycin-D.

PCOS Rotterdam criteria

Diagnosis requires two of three: oligo-ovulation or anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.

Premature ovarian insufficiency

Loss of ovarian function before age 40, diagnosed by amenorrhea for at least four months and follicle-stimulating hormone above 40 IU/L on two occasions.

Recurrent pregnancy loss definition

Three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks gestation; evaluation includes antiphospholipid antibodies, parental karyotype, and uterine cavity assessment.

POP-Q stage II

Pelvic organ prolapse quantification stage II means the leading edge is between 1 cm above and 1 cm beyond the hymen.

Stress incontinence first-line

Supervised pelvic floor muscle training for at least three months is first-line therapy for stress urinary incontinence before considering surgery.

Vaginal estrogen indication

Low-dose vaginal estrogen treats genitourinary syndrome of menopause, including dryness, dyspareunia, and recurrent urinary tract infections, with minimal systemic absorption.

AUB PALM-COEIN

Abnormal uterine bleeding is classified as structural causes-polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy-and nonstructural causes-coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, not otherwise classified.

Hysteroscopy fluid deficit

With bipolar saline distension, stop the procedure when fluid deficit reaches 2000 mL to prevent hyponatremia and fluid overload.

Methotrexate ectopic criteria

Ectopic pregnancy may be treated medically if hemodynamically stable, unruptured, hCG below 5000, no fetal cardiac activity, and able to follow up.

Combined pill failure rate

Combined oral contraceptives have a perfect-use failure rate of 0.3% and typical-use failure rate of about 9% per year.

Estrogen contraindication migraine

Migraine with aura is an absolute contraindication to combined hormonal contraception because estrogen increases ischemic stroke risk.

Copper IUD emergency contraception

Copper intrauterine device inserted within five days of unprotected intercourse is the most effective emergency contraception and also provides ongoing contraception.

Nuchal translucency threshold

Fetal nuchal translucency of 3.5 mm or more at 11-14 weeks increases risk of aneuploidy, cardiac defects, and genetic syndromes.

Cell-free DNA screening

Maternal plasma cell-free DNA detects trisomy 21 with over 99% sensitivity but is a screening test requiring diagnostic confirmation by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Biophysical profile scoring

Five components-fetal breathing, movement, tone, amniotic fluid volume, and nonstress test-each score 0 or 2; a total of 8 or 10 is normal.

Maternal cardiac arrest cesarean

In maternal cardiac arrest at 20 weeks or beyond, perform perimortem cesarean within 4-5 minutes if resuscitation fails, displacing the uterus leftward.

Local anesthetic systemic toxicity

Treat with 20% lipid emulsion 1.5 mL/kg bolus followed by infusion, stop injection, secure airway, and avoid vasopressin and calcium channel blockers.

Sepsis in pregnancy antibiotics

Give broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics within one hour of recognizing maternal sepsis, along with fluids, source control, and early involvement of critical care.

Number needed to treat

Number needed to treat equals one divided by the absolute risk reduction; it estimates how many patients must receive an intervention to prevent one additional adverse outcome.

Belmont Report principles

Research ethics rests on respect for persons, beneficence, and justice, forming the basis for informed consent and institutional review board oversight.

Informed consent elements

Valid consent requires capacity, voluntary decision, disclosure of diagnosis, proposed treatment, risks, benefits, alternatives, and consequences of refusal.