ATP Pilot flashcards
ATP Pilot · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Density altitude
- Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature; high density altitude reduces engine power, propeller thrust, and wing lift, increasing takeoff and landing distances.
- ARROW documents
- U.S.-registered aircraft must carry Airworthiness certificate, Registration, Radio station license when required, and Operating limitations; weight and balance data must also be aboard.
- VFR fuel reserve
- U.S. VFR flight requires enough fuel to reach the destination plus 30 minutes day or 45 minutes night at normal cruise speed.
- CG shift formula
- Moving weight within an aircraft shifts the center of gravity by the moved weight times distance moved, divided by total aircraft weight.
- Takeoff briefing
- A pre-takeoff briefing states rejected-takeoff decision speed, engine-failure actions, initial climb, departure route, terrain, weather, and emergency return plan.
- CRAFT clearance
- IFR clearance readback format: Clearance limit, Route, Altitude, Frequency, and Transponder code; all items should be read back.
- Magneto check
- During engine run-up, select each magneto; RPM drop must stay within aircraft flight manual limits with no roughness, and both magnetos must operate.
- Wake turbulence avoidance
- Avoid wake turbulence by rotating before and landing after the preceding aircraft, staying above its flight path, and allowing vortices time to dissipate.
- V1 decision speed
- V1 is the takeoff decision speed; reject the takeoff before V1, but continue at or after V1 unless the aircraft is unsafe or cannot fly.
- V2 takeoff safety speed
- V2 is the minimum one-engine-inoperative climb speed after rotation; maintain it to 35 feet and follow the aircraft flight manual climb schedule.
- Climb gradient formula
- Required climb gradient in percent equals obstacle height in feet divided by horizontal distance in feet, multiplied by 100.
- Engine failure after V1
- Maintain directional control, pitch to V2, retract gear only when positive climb is assured, and follow the engine-failure checklist and departure route.
- Load factor formula
- In a level turn, load factor equals one divided by the cosine of the bank angle; 60 degrees of bank produces 2.0 g.
- Stall speed load factor
- Accelerated stall speed equals unaccelerated stall speed multiplied by the square root of load factor; doubling load factor raises stall speed about 41 percent.
- Standard rate turn bank
- Standard rate is 3 degrees per second; approximate bank angle equals the arctangent of 0.00275 times true airspeed in knots.
- VA with weight
- Maneuvering speed scales with the square root of weight ratio; current VA equals maximum VA times the square root of current weight divided by maximum weight.
- Stabilized approach gate
- An approach must be stabilized by 1,000 feet in instrument conditions or 500 feet in visual conditions: on path, on speed, configured, checklist complete, landing assured.
- Vref definition
- Vref is the landing reference speed, commonly 1.3 times stall speed in the landing configuration; wind and gust additives are specified by the aircraft flight manual.
- PAPI indication
- A precision approach path indicator shows two white and two red lights on glidepath; more white means above path and more red means below path.
- Go-around priority
- On a go-around, apply takeoff power, pitch for positive rate, retract gear, set flaps per schedule, and announce intentions to air traffic control.
- Supplemental oxygen rule
- U.S. rules require crew oxygen above 12,500 feet for more than 30 minutes and continuously above 14,000 feet; passengers must be supplied above 15,000 feet.
- Outflow valve function
- The outflow valve regulates cabin pressure by controlling how much air leaves the pressurized cabin; a smaller opening generally raises cabin pressure.
- Mixture leaning
- Lean the mixture at cruise using exhaust gas temperature or fuel flow to manufacturer limits; avoid excessive turbine inlet and cylinder head temperatures.
- Engine fire memory
- For an engine fire, maintain control, shut off fuel and ignition, feather if required, discharge the fire extinguisher, and land as soon as possible.
- Emergency descent
- For an emergency descent, don oxygen masks, establish communication, reduce power, extend speedbrakes, descend at Vmo or Mmo, and turn away from terrain.
- Rapid depressurization
- For rapid depressurization, don oxygen masks, establish crew communication, begin descent to 10,000 feet or minimum safe altitude, and land as soon as practical.
- Mayday versus pan-pan
- Mayday signals distress requiring immediate assistance; pan-pan signals urgency without immediate danger.
- Time of useful consciousness
- After sudden decompression, time of useful consciousness is about 30 to 60 seconds at FL350 and about 15 to 20 seconds at FL400.
- Coffin corner
- Coffin corner is the narrow speed range at high altitude between low-speed stall and high-speed Mach buffet; the range widens as altitude decreases.
- Mach number
- Mach number equals true airspeed divided by the local speed of sound; the speed of sound depends mainly on temperature, not pressure.
- Night passenger currency
- To carry passengers at night, a pilot needs three takeoffs and three full-stop landings within the preceding 90 days in the same category and class.
- IFR currency
- Instrument currency requires six approaches, holding, and intercepting or tracking within six months, or a satisfactory instrument proficiency check.