Pharmacology, Cannabinoids, and Terpenes
Cannabinoid science
Candidates should understand the endocannabinoid system: CB1 and CB2 receptors, endocannabinoids (anandamide, 2-AG), and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade them. Know the major phytocannabinoids: THC (psychoactive), CBD (non-intoxicating, modulatory), CBG, CBN, CBC, and the acid forms THCA and CBDA. Understand the entourage effect concept and its evidentiary limits. Grasp pharmacokinetics: inhalation has rapid onset and shorter duration; oral edibles have delayed onset and hepatic first-pass metabolism producing 11-hydroxy-THC, which is more potent and prolongs effects.
Terpenes and safety
Know common terpenes (myrcene, limonene, linalool, pinene, beta-caryophyllene, terpinolene) and their sensory associations, while recognizing that therapeutic claims require caution. Understand that terpenes are volatile and affected by drying, curing, and storage. Know that some terpenes are allergens or irritants at high concentration, and that combustion produces harmful byproducts.
Traps in questions
- Assuming CBD is entirely without drug interactions; it inhibits certain CYP enzymes.
- Confusing THCA (non-intoxicating until decarboxylated) with THC.
- Overstating terpene therapeutic claims as established fact.
- Ignoring the edible delayed-onset overdose risk.
Rule of thumb
Apply the "route determines timing" rule. Worked example: a patient who normally inhales asks about an edible; the correct counseling is that onset may take 30-120 minutes and peak effects can be delayed, so the patient should wait before redosing, because oral THC converts to 11-hydroxy-THC and produces stronger, longer effects.