HSC Filipino Continuers key terms

To listen attentively to spoken Filipino, such as a radio interview or announcement, and extract the main idea, supporting details, and speaker attitude needed for comprehension questions.

Stress or emphasis placed on a syllable or word when speaking, which can change meaning in Filipino, for example in pairs where stress distinguishes one word from another.

The pitch or intonation pattern of a speaker's voice, which signals whether a statement is a question, expresses surprise, or conveys emotion during a listening passage.

A regional accent or way of pronouncing Filipino, often revealed by vowel sounds and stress, which listeners may need to interpret when speakers come from different provinces.

The surrounding situation, purpose, and background information that help a listener or reader interpret meaning, such as knowing whether a conversation happens at school or in a market.

An inference or educated guess about meaning that goes beyond what is literally said, drawn from clues in tone, word choice, and situation rather than from explicit statements.

The attitude or feeling a speaker or writer expresses toward a topic, such as approval, worry, or amusement, which candidates identify from word choice and intonation.

The main topic or subject of a spoken or written text, stated briefly, which candidates must identify before answering questions about details and purpose.

The central message or most important point of a passage, distinct from supporting details, often found in a topic sentence or implied across several paragraphs.

A supporting detail, example, or piece of evidence in a text that explains, proves, or elaborates the main idea and is often the target of specific comprehension questions.

Evidence or proof within a text, such as a statistic, quotation, or example, that supports a claim and helps a reader judge whether an argument is convincing.

A reasoned line of thinking presented to persuade a reader, made up of a claim plus supporting reasons, which candidates analyse for logic and relevance in reading tasks.

A point of view or perspective from which something is described, including whose opinion is being expressed and whether the writer seems neutral or biased.

The purpose or aim of a text or utterance, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, or instruct, which shapes how a response should be written or evaluated.

A summary that condenses the key points of a text or recording in the writer's own words, omitting minor details while preserving the main idea and essential facts.

A table, chart, or list presenting information in rows and columns, common in reading passages, from which candidates extract and compare specific data.

A paragraph, a group of sentences developing one idea, whose structure helps readers locate topic sentences and follow the organisation of an extended text.

An essay or prose composition that develops a viewpoint on a topic, often used as a model for structure, register, and argument in reading and writing tasks.

A letter, formal or informal, written for purposes such as applying, complaining, inviting, or thanking, and assessed for correct format, tone, and appropriate salutations.

Formal language and style used in official letters, reports, and speeches, marked by complete sentences, polite address, and avoidance of slang or casual contractions.

Informal or colloquial language used with friends and family, including slang and shortened forms, appropriate in personal messages but not in official writing.

Slang vocabulary that is casual and often short-lived, understood within a group, which candidates should recognise in listening texts but generally avoid in formal writing.

Everyday conversational Filipino used in relaxed speech, including contracted forms and common expressions, sitting between formal register and slang in terms of appropriateness.

Punctuation marks such as the period, comma, question mark, and quotation marks, which clarify meaning and are checked in written responses for accuracy.

Spelling, the correct arrangement of letters in a written word, including rules for borrowed words and hyphenation that affect clarity and accuracy in writing tasks.

Vocabulary, the range of words a learner understands and can use, which supports both precise expression in writing and accurate comprehension in reading and listening.

An idiom or fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as common Filipino phrases describing emotions or situations.

Conversing or interacting verbally with another person, including greeting, turn-taking, asking questions, and responding appropriately during the speaking examination.

A greeting or expression of good wishes used to open a conversation or letter, chosen according to the relationship and the level of formality required.

Introducing oneself or another person, including giving one's name, background, and interests in a clear sequence during the conversation section of the examination.

A personal view or judgement about a topic, which candidates express with reasons and qualifying phrases rather than presenting as established fact.

Explaining or giving reasons for a statement, involving linking ideas with connectors and providing examples so a listener can follow the reasoning.

Making a decision or reaching a conclusion after weighing options, often expressed in spoken responses that state a choice and justify it briefly.

The shared customs, values, beliefs, and practices of a community, which shape language use and must be interpreted sensitively in intercultural texts and exchanges.

A customary practice or habit followed by a group, such as ways of greeting elders or celebrating fiestas, which reveals cultural expectations in a text.

A value or principle held important by a community, such as respect for elders or close family ties, often implied rather than stated directly in texts.

The family, a central social unit in Filipino life, including extended relatives, whose roles and obligations frequently appear in reading and conversation topics.

A cultural value of communal cooperation, where neighbours help one another without payment, commonly referenced when discussing community spirit and shared responsibility.

Respect shown through language and behaviour, such as using polite terms and gestures toward elders, a key cultural expectation reflected in Filipino speech and writing.

A term for the other person or fellow human being, central to Filipino social values of shared identity and consideration, often implied in polite and cooperative language.