HSC Indonesian Continuers flashcards

35 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

jati diri

A noun meaning one's true identity or sense of self. Used when discussing personal values, cultural roots and how a person defines who they are.

latar belakang

Background, referring to a person's family history, education, culture or reasons behind an event. Common in personal profiles and interviews.

keluarga inti

The nuclear family, meaning parents and their children only. Contrasts with keluarga besar, the extended family including grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins.

saudara kandung

A full sibling, sharing the same biological parents. The word kandung stresses a blood relationship, as in orang tua kandung, biological parent.

cita-cita

An ambition or ideal one aspires to. Used with ingin or bercita-cita menjadi, for example bercita-cita menjadi dokter, to aspire to become a doctor.

sifat

Character or personality trait, such as ramah (friendly), rajin (diligent) or pemalu (shy). Reduplicated as sifat-sifat to list several traits of a person.

gotong royong

A community practice of mutual assistance, where neighbours work together voluntarily on shared tasks such as cleaning the village or building a public facility.

karang taruna

A neighbourhood youth organisation in Indonesia that runs social, sporting and community activities for young people. Often mentioned in texts about community life.

posyandu

An integrated community health post providing basic services such as child weighing, immunisation and maternal health checks. A common feature of Indonesian neighbourhoods.

Bapak dan Ibu

Formal address terms for adult men and women, used with names or alone to show respect. Preferred over kamu when speaking to older or unfamiliar people.

Apa kabar?

A standard greeting meaning how are you. The usual reply is Kabar baik, terima kasih, and the speaker often returns the question with Dan Anda?

Selamat jalan

Said to someone who is leaving, meaning have a good trip. Contrast with Selamat tinggal, said by the person leaving to those staying behind.

RT dan RW

Rukun Tetangga and Rukun Warga, the smallest neighbourhood administrative units in Indonesia. They organise residents and certify local documents.

Dengan hormat

A formal opening salutation in Indonesian letters, roughly meaning respectfully. It precedes the body of official or business correspondence.

gotong royong

A community practice of mutual assistance, where neighbours work together voluntarily on shared tasks. Frequently cited as a core Indonesian social value.

daring

An adjective meaning online or in the network, from dalam jaringan. Used in phrases such as belajar daring (online learning) and rapat daring (online meeting).

daur ulang

Recycling, the process of treating used materials so they can be used again. Appears in environmental texts alongside sampah (rubbish) and reduce-reuse-recycle slogans.

pencemaran

Pollution or contamination of air, water or land. Often paired with limbah (waste) or asap (smoke), as in pencemaran air sungai oleh limbah pabrik.

perubahan iklim

Climate change. Used in reports on global warming, extreme weather and government policies to reduce emissions and protect forests.

semakin...semakin

A correlative pattern meaning the more...the more. For example semakin banyak kendaraan, semakin buruk polusi udara, the more vehicles, the worse the air pollution.

oleh karena itu

A formal connector meaning therefore or for that reason. It introduces a consequence or conclusion in articles and essays.

hemat energi

Energy saving, meaning using electricity and fuel efficiently. Appears in public campaigns urging people to switch off unused lights and appliances.

pengumuman

An announcement, a short public text giving information to a group. It typically states the audience, the event, the date and place, and a contact person.

belum

Not yet. Unlike tidak, it implies the action may still happen later, so a question with sudah...? is often answered belum, bukan tidak.

pukul tiga lewat lima belas

A time expression meaning fifteen minutes past three. Indonesian places lewat (past) after the hour and kurang (to) before the next hour.

mengapa

The question word meaning why, answered with karena plus a reason. In informal speech it becomes kenapa, and the answer may begin soalnya.

kecewa

Disappointed or let down. A tone word used to infer a speaker's attitude in listening texts, for example after cancelled plans or poor service.

ke-...-an

A circumfix forming abstract nouns, as in kebersihan (cleanliness), kesehatan (health) and keamanan (security). The base is usually an adjective.

namun

A formal connector meaning however or but. It links contrasting ideas in articles and reports, and its informal equivalent is tapi or tetapi.

surat pembaca

A reader's letter, published in a newspaper or magazine. It usually raises a complaint or opinion and ends with a request for action.

menurut saya

A phrase meaning in my opinion, used to introduce a personal view. It marks an opinion rather than a verified fact in a reading passage.

Hormat saya

A formal closing in Indonesian letters, equivalent to yours sincerely. It is followed by a comma and the writer's name or signature.

pendahuluan, isi, kesimpulan

The three parts of an Indonesian essay: introduction stating the thesis, body presenting arguments with examples, and conclusion restating the position.

meN- spelling rule

With stems beginning s, p or t, the initial consonant drops: menulis from tulis, memukul from pukul, menyapu from sapu. Vowel-initial stems keep the nasal.

kata penghubung

Conjunctions and connectors such as karena, meskipun, sehingga and oleh karena itu. They link clauses and signal cause, contrast or result in writing.