HSC Indonesian Continuers key terms

An extended family network including grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins, often sharing decisions and celebrations. Indonesian texts frequently contrast it with the smaller nuclear family living abroad.

Harmony and mutual agreement within a group, prized as a social ideal. People may soften disagreement or avoid open conflict to preserve it, which shapes how characters behave in narratives.

Working together voluntarily on shared tasks such as cleaning a neighbourhood or building a community hall. It signals cooperation rather than paid labour and appears often in discussions of community values.

A scheduled community work day when residents clean drains, repair paths or tidy public spaces. Announcements about it appear in notices and listening texts about neighbourhood life.

The smallest official neighbourhood units, Rukun Tetangga and Rukun Warga, led by elected heads. They handle residence letters, security patrols and local disputes, so they recur in practical texts.

An official letter certifying a fact, such as residence, employment or a student's enrolment. Applicants usually request one from a neighbourhood head or school office, so forms and procedures are common reading topics.

The conditions or documents an applicant must meet, for example a birth certificate, photographs and a minimum score. Notices and enrolment information list them, and missing items are a frequent listening problem.

The act of registering for school, a course, a competition or an event. Texts give dates, fees and required documents, and candidates must identify deadlines and what happens after submitting a form.

A deadline by which something must be done, such as submitting a form or paying a fee. Missing it usually triggers consequences, so listening questions often test the exact date or time stated.

Being late or delayed. In dialogues it explains missed transport, late arrivals or penalties, and candidates must distinguish it from similar words about being slow or postponed.

Postponed to a later time rather than cancelled. Announcements often state a new date, and understanding the difference between delay and cancellation is a common listening task.

Cancelled, meaning the event will not take place at all. Distinguishing cancellation from postponement is essential when interpreting announcements about flights, classes or meetings.

A public announcement, written or spoken, giving information people need to act on. It typically states what happened, who is affected and what to do next, so structure recognition helps comprehension.

A formal conversation in which one person asks questions to obtain information, used for jobs, research or news. Listening texts often require identifying the speaker's purpose, attitude or main point.

A person interviewed or invited to speak because of their expertise or experience. Recognising who the source is and what qualifies them helps answer questions about the reliability of information.

An opinion or view held by a speaker or writer. Candidates must separate opinion from stated fact, and identify whether the speaker agrees, disagrees or is undecided.

A phrase meaning in my opinion, used to introduce a personal view. Signposting phrases like this help listeners locate the speaker's stance quickly during a spoken passage.

To agree with a proposal or opinion. Dialogues often pair agreement with a reason or condition, and questions may ask what the second speaker actually decides to do.

To refuse or decline an offer, invitation or suggestion. Refusals in Indonesian are often indirect, so candidates must infer the decision from polite wording and accompanying reasons.

To invite or urge someone to do something together. Invitations usually contain a suggestion and a reason, and the reply may accept, decline or propose another time.

The purpose or aim of a text, action or visit. Identifying purpose is a standard reading task, whether the text is a letter, advertisement, notice or article.

The main idea of a paragraph or whole text, supported by details. Locating it usually means finding the topic sentence and checking which other sentences explain or illustrate it.

A conclusion drawn from the information presented. Some questions ask what can be inferred rather than what is stated directly, so candidates must combine several details logically.

Information implied rather than stated openly, requiring the reader to infer meaning from clues. Questions about attitude, relationship or likely next action often depend on it.

An advertisement promoting a product, service or event. It uses persuasive language, short slogans and selective detail, so readers must judge the message and the audience being targeted.

A promotional offer or marketing activity, such as a discount or special package. Advertisements and announcements use it, and questions may test the exact conditions attached to the offer.

A reduction in price, often expressed as a percentage or a rupiah amount. Understanding conditions such as minimum purchase or validity dates is a frequent reading and listening task.

The surrounding environment, natural or social. Texts about waste, pollution, logging and conservation use it repeatedly, and candidates must follow cause-and-effect arguments about environmental damage.

Pollution of air, water or land caused by human activity. Articles often present causes, effects on health and proposed solutions, which candidates must match correctly.

Rubbish or waste that must be managed, reduced or recycled. Discussions of plastic use, landfill and community clean-ups rely on this word and related verbs for disposing and sorting waste.

Technology, especially devices and digital services that change how people study, work and communicate. Texts weigh benefits against drawbacks such as distraction or reduced face-to-face contact.

Social media platforms where users share content and interact online. Articles discuss addiction, privacy, misinformation and its influence on young people, often presenting contrasting viewpoints.

An impact or effect, positive or negative, of a change or action. Argumentative texts typically list several impacts and evaluate them, so candidates must track which effect belongs to which cause.

A scholarship or study grant covering fees or living costs. Notices and interviews about it mention eligibility, required documents and selection stages, which candidates must extract accurately.

The planned content and structure of a course of study. Education articles compare changes to it, discuss workload or debate what skills students should gain, so context reveals its meaning.

Education as a process or system, from primary school to university. It appears in texts about access, quality, costs and rural schooling, often with statistics or comparisons between regions.

An examination testing knowledge or skill. Texts describe preparation, schedules and results, and candidates must distinguish between national exams, school tests and practical assessments.

A formal letter following conventions such as a heading, salutation, structured body and closing. Writing tasks may require this format, so knowing its layout and register is essential.

A personal letter to a friend or relative, using informal language and a conversational tone. It contrasts with official correspondence in structure, register and the relationship between writer and reader.

Formal language appropriate for official letters, reports and speeches, avoiding slang and casual contractions. Choosing the right register for the audience is a key criterion in writing tasks.