HSC Portuguese Continuers key terms

A structured spoken exchange in which one person asks questions and another answers them, often used in listening tasks to present opinions, personal experiences or community issues.

A conversation between two or more speakers in which turns alternate, showing agreement, disagreement, requests or negotiation of meaning in everyday situations.

The attitude conveyed by a speaker's pitch and stress, such as enthusiasm, irritation, irony or hesitation, which listeners must interpret to grasp the intended message.

The process of working out meaning that is not stated directly, drawing on context, tone and prior knowledge when listening to or reading a text.

Short linking words and phrases such as 'porém', 'aliás' or 'então' that organise speech, signal contrast or addition, and help listeners follow the direction of an argument.

A short spoken or written message passed on to someone, typically giving a time, place or instruction, common in listening tasks about daily arrangements.

A brief public or personal announcement giving information, a warning or an instruction, often heard in schools, stations or community centres.

A public notice or advertisement that promotes a product, service or event, usually combining persuasive language with factual details such as dates and prices.

The central point a text or recording is making, which a reader or listener must identify before summarising or evaluating the supporting details.

A brief restatement of the essential content of a text, written in the candidate's own words and omitting examples and minor detail.

Rewording the content of a source text in different language while keeping the original meaning, a common requirement when answering reading comprehension questions.

Persuasive writing designed to sell or promote, using slogans, emotive adjectives and direct address to influence the reader's attitude or behaviour.

Word choices and sentence patterns intended to convince readers, including rhetorical questions, repetition, superlatives and appeals to emotion or authority.

A reason or set of reasons offered to support a position, which readers must evaluate for relevance, evidence and logical connection to the conclusion.

A point raised against an opposing view, or a rebuttal of one, used in discussion texts to show balance and to strengthen the writer's own position.

Words such as 'portanto', 'no entanto' and 'além disso' that link clauses and sentences, showing cause, contrast or addition and making written argument coherent.

A letter written to an institution or unknown reader, following conventions such as a formal greeting, clear statement of purpose and a polite closing formula.

The pronouns and titles used to address people politely in Portuguese, including 'o senhor', 'a senhora' and 'você' depending on region and relationship.

The level of formality in language, ranging from informal speech among friends to formal written Portuguese, chosen to suit audience and purpose.

Informal vocabulary used within a group or generation, often short-lived and inappropriate in formal writing but common in dialogues and youth-oriented texts.

A fixed phrase whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as 'estar com a pulga atrás da orelha', requiring recognition rather than literal translation.

Writing that tells a story with a sequence of events, usually including setting, characters, complication and resolution, often required in imaginative tasks.

Writing that portrays a person, place or scene through sensory detail and carefully chosen adjectives, often combined with narration in personal writing tasks.

Reporting what someone said without quoting them directly, requiring tense and pronoun shifts, for example 'Ela disse que chegaria tarde'.

Directly quoting a speaker's or writer's exact words, marked in writing by quotation marks or a dash, used to support a point or report speech.

A past tense describing habitual actions, ongoing background situations or descriptions in the past, often contrasted with the preterite in narrative writing.

A past tense marking completed actions at a specific moment, used for the main events of a narrative and contrasted with the imperfect for background detail.

A verb mood expressing wishes, doubts, emotions or hypothetical situations, triggered by expressions such as 'espero que', 'se' and 'talvez'.

A verb form used after conjunctions of time or condition such as 'quando', 'se' and 'assim que' to refer to a future possibility, for example 'quando eu chegar'.

A word that describes or qualifies a noun, agreeing in gender and number in Portuguese, and central to descriptive and evaluative writing.

The agreement between sentence elements in gender, number and person, such as matching articles and adjectives to nouns or verbs to subjects.

An arrangement or appointment to meet or do something at a set time, a frequent topic in listening and writing tasks about daily organisation.

An electronic message with a subject line, greeting, body and sign-off, whose degree of formality varies with the relationship between sender and recipient.

The community of Portuguese-speaking countries and peoples across Portugal, Brazil, Africa and Asia, sharing a language but differing in customs and vocabulary.

Differences in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar between regions and countries where Portuguese is spoken, for example Brazilian and European Portuguese usage.

Communities of Portuguese-speaking migrants and their descendants living outside their homeland, whose experiences of identity and belonging often appear in texts.

A person's sense of belonging to a culture, shaped by language, family, traditions and migration, a recurring theme in personal and community texts.

Customs, festivals, foods and beliefs passed down through generations, such as festas juninas or fado, often used to illustrate cultural knowledge.

The inherited cultural and natural heritage of a community, including monuments, music and crafts, which texts may discuss in terms of preservation and tourism.